WORLD Policy Analysis Center

Are both sexual-based behaviors and sex-based harassment prohibited in education?

Sexual violence prohibited, but not explicitly harassment means that legislation prohibits sexual violence, but does not specifically address sexual harassment or behaviors that are generally considered to be sexual harassment, such as sexual behaviors, sexual advances, or conduct that creates a hostile environment. No country fails to prohibit at least some form of sexual violence. These prohibitions may protect children from the most extreme forms of sexual harassment.

Gender discrimination in education and sexual violence prohibited, but not explicitly harassment means that legislation prohibits both sexual violence and gender discrimination in education. However, it does not specifically address sexual harassment or behaviors that are generally considered to be sexual harassment, such as sexual behaviors, sexual advances, or conduct that creates a hostile environment. In some countries in this category, prohibitions of gender discrimination have been interpreted to include sexual harassment.

Sexual-based behaviors only means that legislation prohibits sexual harassment, but does not specifically address sex-based harassment that is not sexual in nature, such as stereotyping or derogatory jokes.

Countries

Antigua and Barbuda - Sexual violence prohibited, but not explicitly harassment

Bahrain - Sexual violence prohibited, but not explicitly harassment

Barbados - Sexual violence prohibited, but not explicitly harassment

Comoros - Sexual violence prohibited, but not explicitly harassment

Cyprus - Sexual violence prohibited, but not explicitly harassment

Dominica - Sexual violence prohibited, but not explicitly harassment

Equatorial Guinea - Sexual violence prohibited, but not explicitly harassment

Eritrea - Sexual violence prohibited, but not explicitly harassment

Ghana - Sexual violence prohibited, but not explicitly harassment

Grenada - Sexual violence prohibited, but not explicitly harassment

Guyana - Sexual violence prohibited, but not explicitly harassment

Iran - Sexual violence prohibited, but not explicitly harassment

Iraq - Sexual violence prohibited, but not explicitly harassment

Jamaica - Sexual violence prohibited, but not explicitly harassment

Kuwait - Sexual violence prohibited, but not explicitly harassment

Lebanon - Sexual violence prohibited, but not explicitly harassment

Liberia - Sexual violence prohibited, but not explicitly harassment

Monaco - Sexual violence prohibited, but not explicitly harassment

Myanmar - Sexual violence prohibited, but not explicitly harassment

Nauru - Sexual violence prohibited, but not explicitly harassment

Papua New Guinea - Sexual violence prohibited, but not explicitly harassment

Qatar - Sexual violence prohibited, but not explicitly harassment

Samoa - Sexual violence prohibited, but not explicitly harassment

Seychelles - Sexual violence prohibited, but not explicitly harassment

Solomon Islands - Sexual violence prohibited, but not explicitly harassment

Somalia - Sexual violence prohibited, but not explicitly harassment

St. Kitts and Nevis - Sexual violence prohibited, but not explicitly harassment

St. Lucia - Sexual violence prohibited, but not explicitly harassment

St. Vincent and the Grenadines - Sexual violence prohibited, but not explicitly harassment

Suriname - Sexual violence prohibited, but not explicitly harassment

Thailand - Sexual violence prohibited, but not explicitly harassment

Tonga - Sexual violence prohibited, but not explicitly harassment

Tuvalu - Sexual violence prohibited, but not explicitly harassment

Yemen - Sexual violence prohibited, but not explicitly harassment

Belarus - Gender discrimination in education and sexual violence prohibited, but not explicitly harassment

Botswana - Gender discrimination in education and sexual violence prohibited, but not explicitly harassment

Republic of the Congo - Gender discrimination in education and sexual violence prohibited, but not explicitly harassment

Djibouti - Gender discrimination in education and sexual violence prohibited, but not explicitly harassment

Indonesia - Gender discrimination in education and sexual violence prohibited, but not explicitly harassment

Italy - Gender discrimination in education and sexual violence prohibited, but not explicitly harassment

Japan - Gender discrimination in education and sexual violence prohibited, but not explicitly harassment

Kazakhstan - Gender discrimination in education and sexual violence prohibited, but not explicitly harassment

Democratic People's Republic of Korea - Gender discrimination in education and sexual violence prohibited, but not explicitly harassment

Republic of Korea - Gender discrimination in education and sexual violence prohibited, but not explicitly harassment

Latvia - Gender discrimination in education and sexual violence prohibited, but not explicitly harassment

Lesotho - Gender discrimination in education and sexual violence prohibited, but not explicitly harassment

Libya - Gender discrimination in education and sexual violence prohibited, but not explicitly harassment

Namibia - Gender discrimination in education and sexual violence prohibited, but not explicitly harassment

Nigeria - Gender discrimination in education and sexual violence prohibited, but not explicitly harassment

Russian Federation - Gender discrimination in education and sexual violence prohibited, but not explicitly harassment

San Marino - Gender discrimination in education and sexual violence prohibited, but not explicitly harassment

Sierra Leone - Gender discrimination in education and sexual violence prohibited, but not explicitly harassment

Sri Lanka - Gender discrimination in education and sexual violence prohibited, but not explicitly harassment

Tajikistan - Gender discrimination in education and sexual violence prohibited, but not explicitly harassment

Trinidad and Tobago - Gender discrimination in education and sexual violence prohibited, but not explicitly harassment

Turkmenistan - Gender discrimination in education and sexual violence prohibited, but not explicitly harassment

United Arab Emirates - Gender discrimination in education and sexual violence prohibited, but not explicitly harassment

United States of America - Gender discrimination in education and sexual violence prohibited, but not explicitly harassment

Vanuatu - Gender discrimination in education and sexual violence prohibited, but not explicitly harassment

Vietnam - Gender discrimination in education and sexual violence prohibited, but not explicitly harassment

Zambia - Gender discrimination in education and sexual violence prohibited, but not explicitly harassment

Zimbabwe - Gender discrimination in education and sexual violence prohibited, but not explicitly harassment

Albania - Sexual-based behaviors only

Algeria - Sexual-based behaviors only

Angola - Sexual-based behaviors only

Argentina - Sexual-based behaviors only

Armenia - Sexual-based behaviors only

Austria - Sexual-based behaviors only

Azerbaijan - Sexual-based behaviors only

Bahamas - Sexual-based behaviors only

Bangladesh - Sexual-based behaviors only

Belize - Sexual-based behaviors only

Benin - Sexual-based behaviors only

Bhutan - Sexual-based behaviors only

Bolivia - Sexual-based behaviors only

Brazil - Sexual-based behaviors only

Brunei - Sexual-based behaviors only

Burkina Faso - Sexual-based behaviors only

Burundi - Sexual-based behaviors only

Cambodia - Sexual-based behaviors only

Cameroon - Sexual-based behaviors only

Cabo Verde - Sexual-based behaviors only

Central African Republic - Sexual-based behaviors only

Chad - Sexual-based behaviors only

Chile - Sexual-based behaviors only

China - Sexual-based behaviors only

Democratic Republic of the Congo - Sexual-based behaviors only

Costa Rica - Sexual-based behaviors only

Cote d'Ivoire - Sexual-based behaviors only

Cuba - Sexual-based behaviors only

Dominican Republic - Sexual-based behaviors only

Ecuador - Sexual-based behaviors only

Egypt - Sexual-based behaviors only

Ethiopia - Sexual-based behaviors only

Gabon - Sexual-based behaviors only

The Gambia - Sexual-based behaviors only

Greece - Sexual-based behaviors only

Greenland - Sexual-based behaviors only

Guatemala - Sexual-based behaviors only

Guinea - Sexual-based behaviors only

Guinea-Bissau - Sexual-based behaviors only

Haiti - Sexual-based behaviors only

Honduras - Sexual-based behaviors only

India - Sexual-based behaviors only

Jordan - Sexual-based behaviors only

Kenya - Sexual-based behaviors only

Kiribati - Sexual-based behaviors only

Kyrgyzstan - Sexual-based behaviors only

Laos - Sexual-based behaviors only

Liechtenstein - Sexual-based behaviors only

Madagascar - Sexual-based behaviors only

Malawi - Sexual-based behaviors only

Malaysia - Sexual-based behaviors only

Maldives - Sexual-based behaviors only

Mali - Sexual-based behaviors only

Malta - Sexual-based behaviors only

Marshall Islands - Sexual-based behaviors only

Mauritania - Sexual-based behaviors only

Mauritius - Sexual-based behaviors only

Mexico - Sexual-based behaviors only

Moldova - Sexual-based behaviors only

Mongolia - Sexual-based behaviors only

Morocco - Sexual-based behaviors only

Mozambique - Sexual-based behaviors only

Nepal - Sexual-based behaviors only

New Zealand - Sexual-based behaviors only

Nicaragua - Sexual-based behaviors only

Niger - Sexual-based behaviors only

Oman - Sexual-based behaviors only

Pakistan - Sexual-based behaviors only

Palau - Sexual-based behaviors only

Paraguay - Sexual-based behaviors only

Peru - Sexual-based behaviors only

The Philippines - Sexual-based behaviors only

Portugal - Sexual-based behaviors only

Rwanda - Sexual-based behaviors only

Sao Tome and Principe - Sexual-based behaviors only

Saudi Arabia - Sexual-based behaviors only

Senegal - Sexual-based behaviors only

Singapore - Sexual-based behaviors only

South Sudan - Sexual-based behaviors only

Spain - Sexual-based behaviors only

Sudan - Sexual-based behaviors only

Eswatini - Sexual-based behaviors only

Switzerland - Sexual-based behaviors only

Syria - Sexual-based behaviors only

Tanzania - Sexual-based behaviors only

Timor-Leste - Sexual-based behaviors only

Togo - Sexual-based behaviors only

Tunisia - Sexual-based behaviors only

Uganda - Sexual-based behaviors only

Ukraine - Sexual-based behaviors only

Uruguay - Sexual-based behaviors only

Uzbekistan - Sexual-based behaviors only

Afghanistan - Sexual-based behaviors and sex-based harassment

Andorra - Sexual-based behaviors and sex-based harassment

Australia - Sexual-based behaviors and sex-based harassment

Belgium - Sexual-based behaviors and sex-based harassment

Bosnia and Herzegovina - Sexual-based behaviors and sex-based harassment

Bulgaria - Sexual-based behaviors and sex-based harassment

Canada - Sexual-based behaviors and sex-based harassment

Colombia - Sexual-based behaviors and sex-based harassment

Croatia - Sexual-based behaviors and sex-based harassment

Czech Republic - Sexual-based behaviors and sex-based harassment

Denmark - Sexual-based behaviors and sex-based harassment

El Salvador - Sexual-based behaviors and sex-based harassment

Estonia - Sexual-based behaviors and sex-based harassment

Fiji - Sexual-based behaviors and sex-based harassment

Finland - Sexual-based behaviors and sex-based harassment

France - Sexual-based behaviors and sex-based harassment

Georgia - Sexual-based behaviors and sex-based harassment

Germany - Sexual-based behaviors and sex-based harassment

Hungary - Sexual-based behaviors and sex-based harassment

Iceland - Sexual-based behaviors and sex-based harassment

Ireland - Sexual-based behaviors and sex-based harassment

Israel - Sexual-based behaviors and sex-based harassment

Lithuania - Sexual-based behaviors and sex-based harassment

Luxembourg - Sexual-based behaviors and sex-based harassment

North Macedonia - Sexual-based behaviors and sex-based harassment

Montenegro - Sexual-based behaviors and sex-based harassment

The Netherlands - Sexual-based behaviors and sex-based harassment

Norway - Sexual-based behaviors and sex-based harassment

Panama - Sexual-based behaviors and sex-based harassment

Poland - Sexual-based behaviors and sex-based harassment

Romania - Sexual-based behaviors and sex-based harassment

Serbia - Sexual-based behaviors and sex-based harassment

Slovakia - Sexual-based behaviors and sex-based harassment

Slovenia - Sexual-based behaviors and sex-based harassment

South Africa - Sexual-based behaviors and sex-based harassment

Sweden - Sexual-based behaviors and sex-based harassment

Türkiye - Sexual-based behaviors and sex-based harassment

United Kingdom - Sexual-based behaviors and sex-based harassment

Venezuela - Sexual-based behaviors and sex-based harassment