WORLD Policy Analysis Center

Can employees seek justice through an independent body for gender discrimination?

The three areas of gender discrimination examined were (1) gender discrimination, (2) sexual harassment, and (3) inability to take, or retaliation for taking, paid parental leave because of caregiving-related gender discrimination.

Independent complaint mechanisms are options for individuals to pursue remedies through alternative dispute resolution at low or no cost through public institutions such as labor commissions, equality bodies, and human rights commissions. These mechanisms can provide remedies to common individual workplace discrimination claims at lower cost and in a shorter period than going to court.

Countries

Afghanistan - No independent complaint mechanisms

Algeria - No independent complaint mechanisms

Andorra - No independent complaint mechanisms

Belarus - No independent complaint mechanisms

Brunei - No independent complaint mechanisms

Cuba - No independent complaint mechanisms

Guinea-Bissau - No independent complaint mechanisms

Guyana - No independent complaint mechanisms

Democratic People's Republic of Korea - No independent complaint mechanisms

Latvia - No independent complaint mechanisms

Micronesia, Federated States of - No independent complaint mechanisms

Monaco - No independent complaint mechanisms

Mozambique - No independent complaint mechanisms

Myanmar - No independent complaint mechanisms

Nauru - No independent complaint mechanisms

Nicaragua - No independent complaint mechanisms

Nigeria - No independent complaint mechanisms

Palau - No independent complaint mechanisms

Saudi Arabia - No independent complaint mechanisms

Sierra Leone - No independent complaint mechanisms

Singapore - No independent complaint mechanisms

Solomon Islands - No independent complaint mechanisms

Sudan - No independent complaint mechanisms

Tajikistan - No independent complaint mechanisms

Tonga - No independent complaint mechanisms

United Arab Emirates - No independent complaint mechanisms

Vanuatu - No independent complaint mechanisms

Brazil - Only for one area

Jamaica - Only for one area

Malaysia - Only for one area

Oman - Only for one area

Pakistan - Only for one area

Somalia - Only for one area

Sri Lanka - Only for one area

Tunisia - Only for one area

Turkmenistan - Only for one area

Angola - Only for two areas

Antigua and Barbuda - Only for two areas

Armenia - Only for two areas

Bahamas - Only for two areas

Belize - Only for two areas

Bolivia - Only for two areas

Botswana - Only for two areas

Cameroon - Only for two areas

Canada - Only for two areas

Central African Republic - Only for two areas

Chad - Only for two areas

Republic of the Congo - Only for two areas

Croatia - Only for two areas

Dominica - Only for two areas

Egypt - Only for two areas

Eritrea - Only for two areas

The Gambia - Only for two areas

Grenada - Only for two areas

Guatemala - Only for two areas

Haiti - Only for two areas

Honduras - Only for two areas

India - Only for two areas

Indonesia - Only for two areas

Iran - Only for two areas

Italy - Only for two areas

Jordan - Only for two areas

Kazakhstan - Only for two areas

Kuwait - Only for two areas

Lebanon - Only for two areas

Mali - Only for two areas

Mauritania - Only for two areas

Morocco - Only for two areas

Papua New Guinea - Only for two areas

Qatar - Only for two areas

Russian Federation - Only for two areas

Samoa - Only for two areas

San Marino - Only for two areas

Senegal - Only for two areas

Seychelles - Only for two areas

St. Kitts and Nevis - Only for two areas

St. Vincent and the Grenadines - Only for two areas

Suriname - Only for two areas

Eswatini - Only for two areas

Syria - Only for two areas

Tanzania - Only for two areas

Trinidad and Tobago - Only for two areas

Türkiye - Only for two areas

Ukraine - Only for two areas

United States of America - Only for two areas

Uzbekistan - Only for two areas

Yemen - Only for two areas

Zimbabwe - Only for two areas

Albania - Yes, for all three areas

Argentina - Yes, for all three areas

Australia - Yes, for all three areas

Austria - Yes, for all three areas

Azerbaijan - Yes, for all three areas

Bahrain - Yes, for all three areas

Bangladesh - Yes, for all three areas

Barbados - Yes, for all three areas

Belgium - Yes, for all three areas

Benin - Yes, for all three areas

Bhutan - Yes, for all three areas

Bosnia and Herzegovina - Yes, for all three areas

Bulgaria - Yes, for all three areas

Burkina Faso - Yes, for all three areas

Burundi - Yes, for all three areas

Cambodia - Yes, for all three areas

Cabo Verde - Yes, for all three areas

Chile - Yes, for all three areas

China - Yes, for all three areas

Colombia - Yes, for all three areas

Comoros - Yes, for all three areas

Democratic Republic of the Congo - Yes, for all three areas

Costa Rica - Yes, for all three areas

Cote d'Ivoire - Yes, for all three areas

Cyprus - Yes, for all three areas

Czech Republic - Yes, for all three areas

Denmark - Yes, for all three areas

Djibouti - Yes, for all three areas

Dominican Republic - Yes, for all three areas

Ecuador - Yes, for all three areas

El Salvador - Yes, for all three areas

Equatorial Guinea - Yes, for all three areas

Estonia - Yes, for all three areas

Ethiopia - Yes, for all three areas

Fiji - Yes, for all three areas

Finland - Yes, for all three areas

France - Yes, for all three areas

Gabon - Yes, for all three areas

Georgia - Yes, for all three areas

Germany - Yes, for all three areas

Ghana - Yes, for all three areas

Greece - Yes, for all three areas

Greenland - Yes, for all three areas

Guinea - Yes, for all three areas

Hungary - Yes, for all three areas

Iceland - Yes, for all three areas

Iraq - Yes, for all three areas

Ireland - Yes, for all three areas

Israel - Yes, for all three areas

Japan - Yes, for all three areas

Kenya - Yes, for all three areas

Kiribati - Yes, for all three areas

Republic of Korea - Yes, for all three areas

Kyrgyzstan - Yes, for all three areas

Laos - Yes, for all three areas

Lesotho - Yes, for all three areas

Liberia - Yes, for all three areas

Libya - Yes, for all three areas

Liechtenstein - Yes, for all three areas

Lithuania - Yes, for all three areas

Luxembourg - Yes, for all three areas

North Macedonia - Yes, for all three areas

Madagascar - Yes, for all three areas

Malawi - Yes, for all three areas

Maldives - Yes, for all three areas

Malta - Yes, for all three areas

Marshall Islands - Yes, for all three areas

Mauritius - Yes, for all three areas

Mexico - Yes, for all three areas

Moldova - Yes, for all three areas

Mongolia - Yes, for all three areas

Montenegro - Yes, for all three areas

Namibia - Yes, for all three areas

Nepal - Yes, for all three areas

The Netherlands - Yes, for all three areas

New Zealand - Yes, for all three areas

Niger - Yes, for all three areas

Norway - Yes, for all three areas

Panama - Yes, for all three areas

Paraguay - Yes, for all three areas

Peru - Yes, for all three areas

The Philippines - Yes, for all three areas

Poland - Yes, for all three areas

Portugal - Yes, for all three areas

Romania - Yes, for all three areas

Rwanda - Yes, for all three areas

Sao Tome and Principe - Yes, for all three areas

Serbia - Yes, for all three areas

Slovakia - Yes, for all three areas

Slovenia - Yes, for all three areas

South Africa - Yes, for all three areas

South Sudan - Yes, for all three areas

Spain - Yes, for all three areas

St. Lucia - Yes, for all three areas

Sweden - Yes, for all three areas

Switzerland - Yes, for all three areas

Thailand - Yes, for all three areas

Timor-Leste - Yes, for all three areas

Togo - Yes, for all three areas

Tuvalu - Yes, for all three areas

Uganda - Yes, for all three areas

United Kingdom - Yes, for all three areas

Uruguay - Yes, for all three areas

Venezuela - Yes, for all three areas

Vietnam - Yes, for all three areas

Zambia - Yes, for all three areas