WORLD Policy Analysis Center

Does legislation explicitly prohibit discrimination in hiring or recruitment on the basis of gender identity?

The term “gender identity” includes references to ‘gender expression’, ‘gender reassignment’, ‘transgenderism’, or ‘Hijra/Kothi’. For the purposes of this variable, the term “gender identity” captures all of these definitions.

Hiring or recruitment includes explicit legislative prohibitions against discrimination during pre-employment, or the hiring or recruitment process.

No prohibition means that legislation does not take an explicit approach to prohibiting discrimination in hiring or recruitment on the basis of gender identity. This does not mean that legislation denies this guarantee.

General prohibition of discrimination in hiring or recruitment means that legislation prohibits discrimination in hiring or recruitment generally— for example, by prohibiting discrimination based on “any status” or stating no worker may be discriminated against. This general prohibition is not specifically extended on the basis of gender identity.

Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender identity means that legislation extends a prohibition of discrimination at the workplace on the basis of gender identity, but does not explicitly address discrimination in hiring nor recruitment on this basis. These broad prohibitions use language that could extend prohibition of discrimination across any aspect of work.

Yes, gender identity-based prohibition means that legislation either: a) extends an explicit gender identity-based prohibition of discrimination in hiring or recruitment, or b) extends a broad prohibition of gender identity-based workplace discrimination alongside a general prohibition of discrimination in hiring or recruitment to all workers.

Countries

Algeria - No prohibition

Antigua and Barbuda - No prohibition

Austria - No prohibition

Azerbaijan - No prohibition

Bahamas - No prohibition

Bahrain - No prohibition

Bangladesh - No prohibition

Barbados - No prohibition

Belize - No prohibition

Benin - No prohibition

Bhutan - No prohibition

Botswana - No prohibition

Brunei - No prohibition

Burundi - No prohibition

Cambodia - No prohibition

Cameroon - No prohibition

Central African Republic - No prohibition

Chad - No prohibition

Colombia - No prohibition

Comoros - No prohibition

Republic of the Congo - No prohibition

Democratic Republic of the Congo - No prohibition

Cote d'Ivoire - No prohibition

Cyprus - No prohibition

Djibouti - No prohibition

Dominica - No prohibition

Dominican Republic - No prohibition

Egypt - No prohibition

El Salvador - No prohibition

Equatorial Guinea - No prohibition

Eritrea - No prohibition

Estonia - No prohibition

Ethiopia - No prohibition

The Gambia - No prohibition

Germany - No prohibition

Ghana - No prohibition

Greenland - No prohibition

Grenada - No prohibition

Guinea - No prohibition

Guinea-Bissau - No prohibition

Guyana - No prohibition

Haiti - No prohibition

Indonesia - No prohibition

Iran - No prohibition

Ireland - No prohibition

Israel - No prohibition

Jamaica - No prohibition

Japan - No prohibition

Jordan - No prohibition

Kenya - No prohibition

Kiribati - No prohibition

Democratic People's Republic of Korea - No prohibition

Republic of Korea - No prohibition

Kuwait - No prohibition

Kyrgyzstan - No prohibition

Laos - No prohibition

Lebanon - No prohibition

Lesotho - No prohibition

Liechtenstein - No prohibition

Madagascar - No prohibition

Malaysia - No prohibition

Maldives - No prohibition

Mali - No prohibition

Marshall Islands - No prohibition

Mauritania - No prohibition

Mauritius - No prohibition

Micronesia, Federated States of - No prohibition

Monaco - No prohibition

Morocco - No prohibition

Mozambique - No prohibition

Myanmar - No prohibition

Namibia - No prohibition

Nauru - No prohibition

Nepal - No prohibition

New Zealand - No prohibition

Nicaragua - No prohibition

Niger - No prohibition

Nigeria - No prohibition

Oman - No prohibition

Palau - No prohibition

Panama - No prohibition

Papua New Guinea - No prohibition

Paraguay - No prohibition

The Philippines - No prohibition

Poland - No prohibition

Qatar - No prohibition

Romania - No prohibition

Rwanda - No prohibition

Samoa - No prohibition

San Marino - No prohibition

Senegal - No prohibition

Seychelles - No prohibition

Sierra Leone - No prohibition

Singapore - No prohibition

Solomon Islands - No prohibition

Somalia - No prohibition

South Sudan - No prohibition

Sri Lanka - No prohibition

St. Kitts and Nevis - No prohibition

St. Lucia - No prohibition

St. Vincent and the Grenadines - No prohibition

Sudan - No prohibition

Eswatini - No prohibition

Switzerland - No prohibition

Tajikistan - No prohibition

Tanzania - No prohibition

Thailand - No prohibition

Timor-Leste - No prohibition

Togo - No prohibition

Tonga - No prohibition

Trinidad and Tobago - No prohibition

Tunisia - No prohibition

Türkiye - No prohibition

Tuvalu - No prohibition

Uganda - No prohibition

United Arab Emirates - No prohibition

United States of America - No prohibition

Uruguay - No prohibition

Vanuatu - No prohibition

Vietnam - No prohibition

Yemen - No prohibition

Zambia - No prohibition

Zimbabwe - No prohibition

Angola - General prohibition of discrimination in hiring or recruitment

Armenia - General prohibition of discrimination in hiring or recruitment

Belarus - General prohibition of discrimination in hiring or recruitment

Bolivia - General prohibition of discrimination in hiring or recruitment

Brazil - General prohibition of discrimination in hiring or recruitment

Burkina Faso - General prohibition of discrimination in hiring or recruitment

Cabo Verde - General prohibition of discrimination in hiring or recruitment

China - General prohibition of discrimination in hiring or recruitment

Costa Rica - General prohibition of discrimination in hiring or recruitment

Ecuador - General prohibition of discrimination in hiring or recruitment

Gabon - General prohibition of discrimination in hiring or recruitment

Guatemala - General prohibition of discrimination in hiring or recruitment

Iraq - General prohibition of discrimination in hiring or recruitment

Italy - General prohibition of discrimination in hiring or recruitment

Kazakhstan - General prohibition of discrimination in hiring or recruitment

Latvia - General prohibition of discrimination in hiring or recruitment

Libya - General prohibition of discrimination in hiring or recruitment

Lithuania - General prohibition of discrimination in hiring or recruitment

Malawi - General prohibition of discrimination in hiring or recruitment

Mexico - General prohibition of discrimination in hiring or recruitment

Peru - General prohibition of discrimination in hiring or recruitment

Russian Federation - General prohibition of discrimination in hiring or recruitment

Sao Tome and Principe - General prohibition of discrimination in hiring or recruitment

Saudi Arabia - General prohibition of discrimination in hiring or recruitment

South Africa - General prohibition of discrimination in hiring or recruitment

Syria - General prohibition of discrimination in hiring or recruitment

Turkmenistan - General prohibition of discrimination in hiring or recruitment

Uzbekistan - General prohibition of discrimination in hiring or recruitment

Venezuela - General prohibition of discrimination in hiring or recruitment

Argentina - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender identity

Canada - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender identity

Chile - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender identity

Cuba - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender identity

Honduras - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender identity

Mongolia - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender identity

Albania - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

Andorra - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

Australia - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

Belgium - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

Bosnia and Herzegovina - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

Bulgaria - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

Croatia - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

Czech Republic - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

Denmark - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

Fiji - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

Finland - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

France - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

Georgia - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

Greece - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

Hungary - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

Iceland - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

India - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

Liberia - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

Luxembourg - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

North Macedonia - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

Malta - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

Moldova - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

Montenegro - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

The Netherlands - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

Norway - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

Pakistan - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

Portugal - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

Serbia - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

Slovakia - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

Slovenia - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

Spain - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

Suriname - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

Sweden - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

Ukraine - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

United Kingdom - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition