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Does legislation explicitly prohibit discrimination in hiring or recruitment on the basis of race/ethnicity?
The term “race/ethnicity” includes references to ‘color’, ‘clan’, ‘ethnic origin’, or ‘ethnic groups’. For the purposes of this variable, the term “race/ethnicity” captures all of these definitions.
Hiring or recruitment
includes explicit legislative prohibitions against discrimination during pre-employment, or the hiring or recruitment process.
No prohibition
means that legislation does not take an explicit approach to prohibiting discrimination in hiring or recruitment on the basis of race/ethnicity. This does not mean that legislation denies this guarantee.
General prohibition of discrimination in hiring or recruitment
means that legislation prohibits discrimination in hiring or recruitment generally— for example, by prohibiting discrimination based on “any status” or stating no worker may be discriminated against. This general prohibition is not specifically extended on the basis of race/ethnicity.
Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on race/ethnicity
means that legislation extends a prohibition of discrimination at the workplace on the basis of race/ethnicity, but does not explicitly address discrimination in hiring nor recruitment on this basis. These broad prohibitions use language that could extend prohibition of discrimination across any aspect of work.
Yes, race/ethnicity-based prohibition
means that legislation either: a) extends an explicit race/ethnicity-based prohibition of discrimination in hiring or recruitment, or b) extends a broad prohibition of race/ethnicity-based workplace discrimination alongside a general prohibition of discrimination in hiring or recruitment to all workers.
Countries
Bahrain
- No prohibition
Bangladesh
- No prohibition
Botswana
- No prohibition
Brunei
- No prohibition
Chad
- No prohibition
Democratic Republic of the Congo
- No prohibition
Republic of the Congo
- No prohibition
Dominica
- No prohibition
Ecuador
- No prohibition
Egypt
- No prohibition
Ethiopia
- No prohibition
The Gambia
- No prohibition
Greenland
- No prohibition
Haiti
- No prohibition
India
- No prohibition
Jamaica
- No prohibition
Japan
- No prohibition
Jordan
- No prohibition
Democratic People's Republic of Korea
- No prohibition
Republic of Korea
- No prohibition
Kuwait
- No prohibition
Laos
- No prohibition
Lebanon
- No prohibition
Liechtenstein
- No prohibition
Malaysia
- No prohibition
Marshall Islands
- No prohibition
Micronesia, Federated States of
- No prohibition
Monaco
- No prohibition
Myanmar
- No prohibition
Nauru
- No prohibition
Nigeria
- No prohibition
Oman
- No prohibition
Pakistan
- No prohibition
Palau
- No prohibition
Papua New Guinea
- No prohibition
The Philippines
- No prohibition
Qatar
- No prohibition
San Marino
- No prohibition
Sierra Leone
- No prohibition
Singapore
- No prohibition
Solomon Islands
- No prohibition
Sri Lanka
- No prohibition
St. Kitts and Nevis
- No prohibition
St. Vincent and the Grenadines
- No prohibition
Sudan
- No prohibition
Switzerland
- No prohibition
Thailand
- No prohibition
Tonga
- No prohibition
Tunisia
- No prohibition
Uruguay
- No prohibition
Afghanistan
- General prohibition of discrimination in hiring or recruitment
Libya
- General prohibition of discrimination in hiring or recruitment
Saudi Arabia
- General prohibition of discrimination in hiring or recruitment
United Arab Emirates
- General prohibition of discrimination in hiring or recruitment
Algeria
- Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on race/ ethnicity
Argentina
- Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on race/ ethnicity
Belize
- Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on race/ ethnicity
Central African Republic
- Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on race/ ethnicity
Chile
- Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on race/ ethnicity
Colombia
- Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on race/ ethnicity
Cuba
- Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on race/ ethnicity
El Salvador
- Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on race/ ethnicity
Eritrea
- Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on race/ ethnicity
Gabon
- Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on race/ ethnicity
Guinea-Bissau
- Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on race/ ethnicity
Honduras
- Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on race/ ethnicity
Iran
- Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on race/ ethnicity
Kyrgyzstan
- Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on race/ ethnicity
Mongolia
- Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on race/ ethnicity
Mozambique
- Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on race/ ethnicity
Nicaragua
- Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on race/ ethnicity
Panama
- Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on race/ ethnicity
Paraguay
- Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on race/ ethnicity
Rwanda
- Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on race/ ethnicity
Somalia
- Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on race/ ethnicity
Suriname
- Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on race/ ethnicity
Eswatini
- Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on race/ ethnicity
Uganda
- Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on race/ ethnicity
Yemen
- Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on race/ ethnicity
Albania
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Andorra
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Angola
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Antigua and Barbuda
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Armenia
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Australia
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Austria
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Azerbaijan
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Bahamas
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Barbados
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Belarus
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Belgium
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Benin
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Bhutan
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Bolivia
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Brazil
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Bulgaria
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Burkina Faso
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Burundi
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Cambodia
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Cameroon
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Canada
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Cabo Verde
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
China
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Comoros
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Costa Rica
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Cote d'Ivoire
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Croatia
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Cyprus
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Czech Republic
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Denmark
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Djibouti
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Dominican Republic
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Equatorial Guinea
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Estonia
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Fiji
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Finland
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
France
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Georgia
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Germany
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Ghana
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Greece
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Grenada
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Guatemala
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Guinea
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Guyana
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Hungary
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Iceland
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Indonesia
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Iraq
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Ireland
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Israel
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Italy
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Kazakhstan
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Kenya
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Kiribati
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Latvia
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Lesotho
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Liberia
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Lithuania
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Luxembourg
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
North Macedonia
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Madagascar
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Malawi
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Maldives
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Mali
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Malta
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Mauritania
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Mauritius
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Mexico
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Moldova
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Montenegro
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Morocco
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Namibia
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Nepal
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
The Netherlands
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
New Zealand
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Niger
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Norway
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Peru
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Poland
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Portugal
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Romania
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Russian Federation
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Samoa
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Sao Tome and Principe
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Senegal
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Serbia
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Seychelles
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Slovakia
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Slovenia
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
South Africa
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
South Sudan
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Spain
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
St. Lucia
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Sweden
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Syria
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Tajikistan
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Tanzania
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Timor-Leste
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Togo
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Trinidad and Tobago
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Türkiye
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Turkmenistan
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Tuvalu
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Ukraine
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
United Kingdom
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
United States of America
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Uzbekistan
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Vanuatu
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Venezuela
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Vietnam
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Zambia
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Zimbabwe
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
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