WORLD Policy Analysis Center

Does legislation explicitly prohibit discrimination in promotions and/or demotions on the basis of gender identity?

The term “gender identity” includes references to ‘gender expression’, ‘gender reassignment’, ‘transgenderism’, or ‘Hijra/Kothi’. For the purposes of this variable, the term “gender identity” captures all of these definitions.

Promotions and/or demotions includes explicit legislative prohibitions against discrimination in promotions, advancement, discipline, demotions, and in certain cases, prohibition of discrimination in performance evaluations.

No prohibition means that legislation does not does not take an explicit approach to prohibiting discrimination in promotions and/or demotions on the basis of gender identity focus. This does not mean that legislation denies this guarantee.

General prohibition of discrimination in promotions and/or demotions means that legislation prohibits discrimination in promotions and/or demotions generally—for example, by prohibiting discrimination based on “any status” or stating no worker may be discriminated against. This general prohibition is not specifically extended on the basis of gender identity.

Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender identity means that legislation extends a prohibition of discrimination at the workplace on the basis of gender identity, but does not explicitly address discrimination in promotions nor demotions on this basis. These broad prohibitions use language that could extend prohibition of discrimination across any aspect of work.

Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition means that legislation either: a) extends an explicit gender identity-based prohibition of discrimination in promotions or demotions, or b) extends a broad prohibition of gender identity-based workplace discrimination alongside a general prohibition of discrimination in promotions or demotions to all workers.

Countries

Afghanistan - No prohibition

Algeria - No prohibition

Antigua and Barbuda - No prohibition

Armenia - No prohibition

Austria - No prohibition

Azerbaijan - No prohibition

Bahamas - No prohibition

Bahrain - No prohibition

Bangladesh - No prohibition

Barbados - No prohibition

Belarus - No prohibition

Belize - No prohibition

Benin - No prohibition

Bhutan - No prohibition

Bolivia - No prohibition

Botswana - No prohibition

Brazil - No prohibition

Brunei - No prohibition

Burkina Faso - No prohibition

Burundi - No prohibition

Cambodia - No prohibition

Cameroon - No prohibition

Cabo Verde - No prohibition

Central African Republic - No prohibition

Chad - No prohibition

China - No prohibition

Colombia - No prohibition

Comoros - No prohibition

Republic of the Congo - No prohibition

Democratic Republic of the Congo - No prohibition

Costa Rica - No prohibition

Cote d'Ivoire - No prohibition

Cyprus - No prohibition

Djibouti - No prohibition

Dominica - No prohibition

Dominican Republic - No prohibition

Ecuador - No prohibition

Egypt - No prohibition

El Salvador - No prohibition

Equatorial Guinea - No prohibition

Eritrea - No prohibition

Estonia - No prohibition

Ethiopia - No prohibition

The Gambia - No prohibition

Germany - No prohibition

Ghana - No prohibition

Greenland - No prohibition

Grenada - No prohibition

Guatemala - No prohibition

Guinea - No prohibition

Guinea-Bissau - No prohibition

Guyana - No prohibition

Haiti - No prohibition

Indonesia - No prohibition

Iran - No prohibition

Ireland - No prohibition

Israel - No prohibition

Italy - No prohibition

Jamaica - No prohibition

Japan - No prohibition

Jordan - No prohibition

Kazakhstan - No prohibition

Kenya - No prohibition

Kiribati - No prohibition

Democratic People's Republic of Korea - No prohibition

Republic of Korea - No prohibition

Kuwait - No prohibition

Kyrgyzstan - No prohibition

Laos - No prohibition

Lebanon - No prohibition

Lesotho - No prohibition

Libya - No prohibition

Liechtenstein - No prohibition

Lithuania - No prohibition

Madagascar - No prohibition

Malaysia - No prohibition

Maldives - No prohibition

Mali - No prohibition

Marshall Islands - No prohibition

Mauritania - No prohibition

Mauritius - No prohibition

Micronesia, Federated States of - No prohibition

Monaco - No prohibition

Morocco - No prohibition

Mozambique - No prohibition

Myanmar - No prohibition

Namibia - No prohibition

Nauru - No prohibition

Nepal - No prohibition

New Zealand - No prohibition

Nicaragua - No prohibition

Niger - No prohibition

Nigeria - No prohibition

Oman - No prohibition

Palau - No prohibition

Panama - No prohibition

Papua New Guinea - No prohibition

Paraguay - No prohibition

The Philippines - No prohibition

Poland - No prohibition

Qatar - No prohibition

Romania - No prohibition

Rwanda - No prohibition

Samoa - No prohibition

San Marino - No prohibition

Saudi Arabia - No prohibition

Senegal - No prohibition

Seychelles - No prohibition

Sierra Leone - No prohibition

Singapore - No prohibition

Solomon Islands - No prohibition

Somalia - No prohibition

South Sudan - No prohibition

Sri Lanka - No prohibition

St. Kitts and Nevis - No prohibition

St. Lucia - No prohibition

St. Vincent and the Grenadines - No prohibition

Sudan - No prohibition

Eswatini - No prohibition

Switzerland - No prohibition

Tajikistan - No prohibition

Tanzania - No prohibition

Thailand - No prohibition

Timor-Leste - No prohibition

Togo - No prohibition

Tonga - No prohibition

Trinidad and Tobago - No prohibition

Tunisia - No prohibition

Türkiye - No prohibition

Tuvalu - No prohibition

Uganda - No prohibition

United Arab Emirates - No prohibition

United States of America - No prohibition

Uruguay - No prohibition

Uzbekistan - No prohibition

Vanuatu - No prohibition

Venezuela - No prohibition

Vietnam - No prohibition

Yemen - No prohibition

Zambia - No prohibition

Zimbabwe - No prohibition

Angola - General prohibition of discrimination in promotions and/or demotions

Gabon - General prohibition of discrimination in promotions and/or demotions

Iraq - General prohibition of discrimination in promotions and/or demotions

Latvia - General prohibition of discrimination in promotions and/or demotions

Malawi - General prohibition of discrimination in promotions and/or demotions

Mexico - General prohibition of discrimination in promotions and/or demotions

Peru - General prohibition of discrimination in promotions and/or demotions

Russian Federation - General prohibition of discrimination in promotions and/or demotions

Sao Tome and Principe - General prohibition of discrimination in promotions and/or demotions

South Africa - General prohibition of discrimination in promotions and/or demotions

Syria - General prohibition of discrimination in promotions and/or demotions

Turkmenistan - General prohibition of discrimination in promotions and/or demotions

Canada - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender identity

Chile - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender identity

Cuba - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender identity

Honduras - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender identity

Mongolia - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender identity

Albania - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

Andorra - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

Argentina - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

Australia - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

Belgium - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

Bosnia and Herzegovina - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

Bulgaria - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

Croatia - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

Czech Republic - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

Denmark - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

Fiji - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

Finland - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

France - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

Georgia - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

Greece - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

Hungary - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

Iceland - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

India - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

Liberia - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

Luxembourg - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

North Macedonia - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

Malta - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

Moldova - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

Montenegro - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

The Netherlands - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

Norway - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

Pakistan - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

Portugal - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

Serbia - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

Slovakia - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

Slovenia - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

Spain - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

Suriname - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

Sweden - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

Ukraine - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

United Kingdom - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition