WORLD Policy Analysis Center

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Does legislation explicitly prohibit discrimination in promotions and/or demotions on the basis of political affiliation?

The term “political affiliation” includes references to ‘political beliefs,’ ‘political convictions,’ or ‘political party affiliation.’ For the purposes of this variable, the term “political affiliation” captures all of these definitions.

Promotions and/or demotions includes explicit legislative prohibitions against discrimination in promotions, advancement, discipline, demotions, and in certain cases, prohibition of discrimination in performance evaluations.

No prohibition means that legislation does not does not take an explicit approach to prohibiting discrimination in promotions and/or demotions on the basis of political affiliation. This does not mean that legislation denies this guarantee.

General prohibition of discrimination in promotions and/or demotions means that legislation prohibits discrimination in promotions and/or demotions generally—for example, by prohibiting discrimination based on “any status” or stating no worker may be discriminated against. This general prohibition is not specifically extended on the basis of political affiliation.

Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on political affiliation means that legislation extends a prohibition of discrimination at the workplace on the basis of political affiliation, but does not explicitly address discrimination in promotions nor demotions on this basis. These broad prohibitions use language that could extend prohibition of discrimination across any aspect of work.

Yes, prohibition based on political affiliation means that legislation either: a) extends an explicit political affiliation-based prohibition of discrimination in promotions or demotions, or b) extends a broad prohibition of political affiliation-based workplace discrimination alongside a general prohibition of discrimination in promotions or demotions to all workers.

Countries

Afghanistan - No prohibition

Austria - No prohibition

Bahrain - No prohibition

Bangladesh - No prohibition

Bolivia - No prohibition

Botswana - No prohibition

Brazil - No prohibition

Brunei - No prohibition

Cameroon - No prohibition

Canada - No prohibition

China - No prohibition

Democratic Republic of the Congo - No prohibition

Republic of the Congo - No prohibition

Cuba - No prohibition

Dominica - No prohibition

Ecuador - No prohibition

Egypt - No prohibition

Estonia - No prohibition

Greece - No prohibition

Greenland - No prohibition

Haiti - No prohibition

Honduras - No prohibition

Iceland - No prohibition

India - No prohibition

Iran - No prohibition

Ireland - No prohibition

Jamaica - No prohibition

Japan - No prohibition

Jordan - No prohibition

Kazakhstan - No prohibition

Democratic People's Republic of Korea - No prohibition

Republic of Korea - No prohibition

Kuwait - No prohibition

Laos - No prohibition

Lebanon - No prohibition

Libya - No prohibition

Liechtenstein - No prohibition

Malaysia - No prohibition

Marshall Islands - No prohibition

Micronesia, Federated States of - No prohibition

Monaco - No prohibition

Mongolia - No prohibition

Myanmar - No prohibition

Nauru - No prohibition

Nepal - No prohibition

Nigeria - No prohibition

Oman - No prohibition

Pakistan - No prohibition

Palau - No prohibition

Papua New Guinea - No prohibition

The Philippines - No prohibition

Qatar - No prohibition

Rwanda - No prohibition

San Marino - No prohibition

Saudi Arabia - No prohibition

Senegal - No prohibition

Sierra Leone - No prohibition

Singapore - No prohibition

Solomon Islands - No prohibition

Sri Lanka - No prohibition

St. Kitts and Nevis - No prohibition

St. Vincent and the Grenadines - No prohibition

Sudan - No prohibition

Sweden - No prohibition

Switzerland - No prohibition

Thailand - No prohibition

Tonga - No prohibition

Trinidad and Tobago - No prohibition

Tunisia - No prohibition

United Arab Emirates - No prohibition

United Kingdom - No prohibition

United States of America - No prohibition

Uruguay - No prohibition

Vanuatu - No prohibition

Vietnam - No prohibition

Yemen - No prohibition

Peru - General prohibition of discrimination in promotions and/or demotions

Russian Federation - General prohibition of discrimination in promotions and/or demotions

Slovenia - General prohibition of discrimination in promotions and/or demotions

Uzbekistan - General prohibition of discrimination in promotions and/or demotions

Algeria - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on political affiliation

Antigua and Barbuda - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on political affiliation

Armenia - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on political affiliation

Azerbaijan - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on political affiliation

Belarus - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on political affiliation

Chile - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on political affiliation

Colombia - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on political affiliation

Costa Rica - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on political affiliation

El Salvador - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on political affiliation

Equatorial Guinea - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on political affiliation

Eritrea - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on political affiliation

Ethiopia - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on political affiliation

Finland - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on political affiliation

Gabon - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on political affiliation

Germany - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on political affiliation

Ghana - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on political affiliation

Guatemala - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on political affiliation

Guinea-Bissau - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on political affiliation

Indonesia - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on political affiliation

Kyrgyzstan - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on political affiliation

Lesotho - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on political affiliation

Maldives - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on political affiliation

Mali - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on political affiliation

Mauritania - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on political affiliation

Mozambique - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on political affiliation

Nicaragua - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on political affiliation

Panama - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on political affiliation

Paraguay - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on political affiliation

Samoa - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on political affiliation

Somalia - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on political affiliation

Suriname - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on political affiliation

Eswatini - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on political affiliation

Tajikistan - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on political affiliation

Timor-Leste - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on political affiliation

Ukraine - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on political affiliation

Venezuela - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on political affiliation

Albania - Yes, political affiliation-specific prohibition

Andorra - Yes, political affiliation-specific prohibition

Angola - Yes, political affiliation-specific prohibition

Argentina - Yes, political affiliation-specific prohibition

Australia - Yes, political affiliation-specific prohibition

Bahamas - Yes, political affiliation-specific prohibition

Barbados - Yes, political affiliation-specific prohibition

Belgium - Yes, political affiliation-specific prohibition

Belize - Yes, political affiliation-specific prohibition

Benin - Yes, political affiliation-specific prohibition

Bhutan - Yes, political affiliation-specific prohibition

Bosnia and Herzegovina - Yes, political affiliation-specific prohibition

Bulgaria - Yes, political affiliation-specific prohibition

Burkina Faso - Yes, political affiliation-specific prohibition

Burundi - Yes, political affiliation-specific prohibition

Cambodia - Yes, political affiliation-specific prohibition

Cabo Verde - Yes, political affiliation-specific prohibition

Central African Republic - Yes, political affiliation-specific prohibition

Chad - Yes, political affiliation-specific prohibition

Comoros - Yes, political affiliation-specific prohibition

Cote d'Ivoire - Yes, political affiliation-specific prohibition

Croatia - Yes, political affiliation-specific prohibition

Cyprus - Yes, political affiliation-specific prohibition

Czech Republic - Yes, political affiliation-specific prohibition

Denmark - Yes, political affiliation-specific prohibition

Djibouti - Yes, political affiliation-specific prohibition

Dominican Republic - Yes, political affiliation-specific prohibition

Fiji - Yes, political affiliation-specific prohibition

France - Yes, political affiliation-specific prohibition

The Gambia - Yes, political affiliation-specific prohibition

Georgia - Yes, political affiliation-specific prohibition

Grenada - Yes, political affiliation-specific prohibition

Guinea - Yes, political affiliation-specific prohibition

Guyana - Yes, political affiliation-specific prohibition

Hungary - Yes, political affiliation-specific prohibition

Iraq - Yes, political affiliation-specific prohibition

Israel - Yes, political affiliation-specific prohibition

Italy - Yes, political affiliation-specific prohibition

Kenya - Yes, political affiliation-specific prohibition

Kiribati - Yes, political affiliation-specific prohibition

Latvia - Yes, political affiliation-specific prohibition

Liberia - Yes, political affiliation-specific prohibition

Lithuania - Yes, political affiliation-specific prohibition

Luxembourg - Yes, political affiliation-specific prohibition

North Macedonia - Yes, political affiliation-specific prohibition

Madagascar - Yes, political affiliation-specific prohibition

Malawi - Yes, political affiliation-specific prohibition

Malta - Yes, political affiliation-specific prohibition

Mauritius - Yes, political affiliation-specific prohibition

Mexico - Yes, political affiliation-specific prohibition

Moldova - Yes, political affiliation-specific prohibition

Montenegro - Yes, political affiliation-specific prohibition

Morocco - Yes, political affiliation-specific prohibition

Namibia - Yes, political affiliation-specific prohibition

The Netherlands - Yes, political affiliation-specific prohibition

New Zealand - Yes, political affiliation-specific prohibition

Niger - Yes, political affiliation-specific prohibition

Norway - Yes, political affiliation-specific prohibition

Poland - Yes, political affiliation-specific prohibition

Portugal - Yes, political affiliation-specific prohibition

Romania - Yes, political affiliation-specific prohibition

Sao Tome and Principe - Yes, political affiliation-specific prohibition

Serbia - Yes, political affiliation-specific prohibition

Seychelles - Yes, political affiliation-specific prohibition

Slovakia - Yes, political affiliation-specific prohibition

South Africa - Yes, political affiliation-specific prohibition

South Sudan - Yes, political affiliation-specific prohibition

Spain - Yes, political affiliation-specific prohibition

St. Lucia - Yes, political affiliation-specific prohibition

Syria - Yes, political affiliation-specific prohibition

Tanzania - Yes, political affiliation-specific prohibition

Togo - Yes, political affiliation-specific prohibition

Türkiye - Yes, political affiliation-specific prohibition

Turkmenistan - Yes, political affiliation-specific prohibition

Tuvalu - Yes, political affiliation-specific prohibition

Uganda - Yes, political affiliation-specific prohibition

Zambia - Yes, political affiliation-specific prohibition

Zimbabwe - Yes, political affiliation-specific prohibition