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Does legislation explicitly prohibit discrimination in promotions and/or demotions on the basis of race/ethnicity?
The term “race/ethnicity” includes references to ‘color’, ‘clan’, ‘ethnic origin’, or ‘ethnic groups’. For the purposes of this variable, the term “race/ethnicity” captures all of these definitions.
Promotions and/or demotions
includes explicit legislative prohibitions against discrimination in promotions, advancement, discipline, demotions, and in certain cases, prohibition of discrimination in performance evaluations.
No prohibition
means that legislation does not does not take an explicit approach to prohibiting discrimination in promotions and/or demotions on the basis of race/ethnicity in focus. This does not mean that legislation denies this guarantee.
General prohibition of discrimination in promotions and/or demotions
means that legislation prohibits discrimination in promotions and/or demotions generally—for example, by prohibiting discrimination based on “any status” or stating no worker may be discriminated against. This general prohibition is not specifically extended on the basis of race/ethnicity.
Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on race/ethnicity
means that legislation extends a prohibition of discrimination at the workplace on the basis of race/ethnicity, but does not explicitly address discrimination in promotions nor demotions on this basis. These broad prohibitions use language that could extend prohibition of discrimination across any aspect of work.
Yes, race/ethnicity-specific prohibition
means that legislation either: a) extends an explicit race/ethnicity-specific prohibition of discrimination in promotions or demotions, or b) extends a broad prohibition of race/ethnicity-based workplace discrimination alongside a general prohibition of discrimination in promotions or demotions to all workers.
Countries
Afghanistan
- No prohibition
Bahrain
- No prohibition
Bangladesh
- No prohibition
Bolivia
- No prohibition
Botswana
- No prohibition
Brunei
- No prohibition
Cameroon
- No prohibition
Chad
- No prohibition
Democratic Republic of the Congo
- No prohibition
Republic of the Congo
- No prohibition
Dominica
- No prohibition
Ecuador
- No prohibition
Egypt
- No prohibition
Ethiopia
- No prohibition
Greenland
- No prohibition
Haiti
- No prohibition
India
- No prohibition
Jamaica
- No prohibition
Japan
- No prohibition
Jordan
- No prohibition
Democratic People's Republic of Korea
- No prohibition
Republic of Korea
- No prohibition
Kuwait
- No prohibition
Laos
- No prohibition
Lebanon
- No prohibition
Libya
- No prohibition
Liechtenstein
- No prohibition
Malaysia
- No prohibition
Marshall Islands
- No prohibition
Micronesia, Federated States of
- No prohibition
Monaco
- No prohibition
Myanmar
- No prohibition
Nauru
- No prohibition
Nigeria
- No prohibition
Oman
- No prohibition
Pakistan
- No prohibition
Palau
- No prohibition
Papua New Guinea
- No prohibition
The Philippines
- No prohibition
Qatar
- No prohibition
San Marino
- No prohibition
Saudi Arabia
- No prohibition
Senegal
- No prohibition
Sierra Leone
- No prohibition
Singapore
- No prohibition
Solomon Islands
- No prohibition
Sri Lanka
- No prohibition
St. Kitts and Nevis
- No prohibition
St. Vincent and the Grenadines
- No prohibition
Sudan
- No prohibition
Switzerland
- No prohibition
Thailand
- No prohibition
Tonga
- No prohibition
Tunisia
- No prohibition
United Arab Emirates
- No prohibition
Uruguay
- No prohibition
Vanuatu
- No prohibition
Algeria
- Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on race/ ethnicity
Antigua and Barbuda
- Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on race/ ethnicity
Armenia
- Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on race/ ethnicity
Azerbaijan
- Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on race/ ethnicity
Belarus
- Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on race/ ethnicity
Central African Republic
- Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on race/ ethnicity
Chile
- Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on race/ ethnicity
China
- Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on race/ ethnicity
Colombia
- Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on race/ ethnicity
Costa Rica
- Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on race/ ethnicity
Cuba
- Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on race/ ethnicity
El Salvador
- Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on race/ ethnicity
Equatorial Guinea
- Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on race/ ethnicity
Eritrea
- Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on race/ ethnicity
Finland
- Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on race/ ethnicity
Gabon
- Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on race/ ethnicity
Ghana
- Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on race/ ethnicity
Greece
- Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on race/ ethnicity
Guatemala
- Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on race/ ethnicity
Guinea-Bissau
- Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on race/ ethnicity
Honduras
- Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on race/ ethnicity
Indonesia
- Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on race/ ethnicity
Iran
- Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on race/ ethnicity
Kazakhstan
- Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on race/ ethnicity
Kyrgyzstan
- Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on race/ ethnicity
Lesotho
- Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on race/ ethnicity
Maldives
- Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on race/ ethnicity
Mali
- Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on race/ ethnicity
Mauritania
- Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on race/ ethnicity
Mongolia
- Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on race/ ethnicity
Mozambique
- Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on race/ ethnicity
Nepal
- Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on race/ ethnicity
Nicaragua
- Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on race/ ethnicity
Panama
- Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on race/ ethnicity
Paraguay
- Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on race/ ethnicity
Rwanda
- Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on race/ ethnicity
Samoa
- Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on race/ ethnicity
Somalia
- Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on race/ ethnicity
Suriname
- Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on race/ ethnicity
Eswatini
- Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on race/ ethnicity
Tajikistan
- Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on race/ ethnicity
Timor-Leste
- Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on race/ ethnicity
Ukraine
- Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on race/ ethnicity
United States of America
- Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on race/ ethnicity
Venezuela
- Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on race/ ethnicity
Vietnam
- Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on race/ ethnicity
Yemen
- Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on race/ ethnicity
Albania
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Andorra
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Angola
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Argentina
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Australia
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Austria
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Bahamas
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Barbados
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Belgium
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Belize
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Benin
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Bhutan
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Brazil
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Bulgaria
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Burkina Faso
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Burundi
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Cambodia
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Canada
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Cabo Verde
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Comoros
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Cote d'Ivoire
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Croatia
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Cyprus
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Czech Republic
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Denmark
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Djibouti
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Dominican Republic
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Estonia
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Fiji
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
France
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
The Gambia
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Georgia
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Germany
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Grenada
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Guinea
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Guyana
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Hungary
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Iceland
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Iraq
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Ireland
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Israel
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Italy
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Kenya
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Kiribati
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Latvia
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Liberia
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Lithuania
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Luxembourg
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
North Macedonia
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Madagascar
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Malawi
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Malta
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Mauritius
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Mexico
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Moldova
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Montenegro
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Morocco
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Namibia
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
The Netherlands
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
New Zealand
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Niger
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Norway
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Peru
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Poland
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Portugal
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Romania
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Russian Federation
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Sao Tome and Principe
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Serbia
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Seychelles
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Slovakia
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Slovenia
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
South Africa
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
South Sudan
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Spain
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
St. Lucia
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Sweden
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Syria
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Tanzania
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Togo
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Trinidad and Tobago
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Türkiye
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Turkmenistan
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Tuvalu
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Uganda
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
United Kingdom
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Uzbekistan
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Zambia
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Zimbabwe
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
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