WORLD Policy Analysis Center

Does legislation explicitly prohibit discrimination in promotions and/or demotions on the basis of religion?

The term “religion” includes references to ‘creed’, ‘religious belief’, ‘religious opinion’, ‘religious adherence’, ‘religious community’ or ‘confession’. For the purposes of this variable, the term “religion” captures all of these definitions.

Promotions and/or demotions includes explicit legislative prohibitions against discrimination in promotions, advancement, discipline, demotions, and in certain cases, prohibition of discrimination in performance evaluations.

No prohibition means that legislation does not does not take an explicit approach to prohibiting discrimination in promotions and/or demotions on the basis of religion. This does not mean that legislation denies this guarantee.

General prohibition of discrimination in promotions and/or demotions means that legislation prohibits discrimination in promotions and/or demotions generally—for example, by prohibiting discrimination based on “any status” or stating no worker may be discriminated against. This general prohibition is not specifically extended on the basis of religion.

Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on religion means that legislation extends a prohibition of discrimination at the workplace on the basis of religion, but does not explicitly address discrimination in promotions nor demotions on this basis. These broad prohibitions use language that could extend prohibition of discrimination across any aspect of work.

Yes, religion-specific prohibition means that legislation either: a) extends an explicit religion-based prohibition of discrimination in promotions or demotions, or b) extends a broad prohibition of religion-based workplace discrimination alongside a general prohibition of discrimination in promotions or demotions to all workers.

Countries

Afghanistan - No prohibition

Algeria - No prohibition

Bangladesh - No prohibition

Bolivia - No prohibition

Botswana - No prohibition

Brazil - No prohibition

Brunei - No prohibition

Cameroon - No prohibition

Democratic Republic of the Congo - No prohibition

Republic of the Congo - No prohibition

Dominica - No prohibition

Ecuador - No prohibition

Egypt - No prohibition

Greenland - No prohibition

Haiti - No prohibition

India - No prohibition

Iran - No prohibition

Jamaica - No prohibition

Japan - No prohibition

Jordan - No prohibition

Democratic People's Republic of Korea - No prohibition

Kuwait - No prohibition

Laos - No prohibition

Lebanon - No prohibition

Libya - No prohibition

Liechtenstein - No prohibition

Malaysia - No prohibition

Marshall Islands - No prohibition

Micronesia, Federated States of - No prohibition

Monaco - No prohibition

Myanmar - No prohibition

Nauru - No prohibition

Nigeria - No prohibition

Oman - No prohibition

Pakistan - No prohibition

Palau - No prohibition

Papua New Guinea - No prohibition

The Philippines - No prohibition

Qatar - No prohibition

San Marino - No prohibition

Saudi Arabia - No prohibition

Senegal - No prohibition

Sierra Leone - No prohibition

Singapore - No prohibition

Solomon Islands - No prohibition

Sri Lanka - No prohibition

St. Kitts and Nevis - No prohibition

St. Vincent and the Grenadines - No prohibition

Sudan - No prohibition

Switzerland - No prohibition

Thailand - No prohibition

Tonga - No prohibition

Tunisia - No prohibition

United Arab Emirates - No prohibition

Uruguay - No prohibition

Vanuatu - No prohibition

Antigua and Barbuda - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on religion

Armenia - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on religion

Azerbaijan - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on religion

Bahrain - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on religion

Belarus - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on religion

Chile - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on religion

China - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on religion

Colombia - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on religion

Costa Rica - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on religion

Cuba - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on religion

El Salvador - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on religion

Equatorial Guinea - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on religion

Eritrea - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on religion

Ethiopia - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on religion

Finland - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on religion

Gabon - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on religion

Ghana - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on religion

Greece - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on religion

Guatemala - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on religion

Guinea-Bissau - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on religion

Honduras - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on religion

Indonesia - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on religion

Kazakhstan - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on religion

Republic of Korea - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on religion

Kyrgyzstan - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on religion

Lesotho - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on religion

Maldives - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on religion

Mali - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on religion

Mauritania - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on religion

Mongolia - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on religion

Mozambique - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on religion

Nepal - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on religion

Nicaragua - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on religion

Panama - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on religion

Paraguay - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on religion

Rwanda - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on religion

Samoa - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on religion

Somalia - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on religion

Suriname - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on religion

Eswatini - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on religion

Tajikistan - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on religion

Timor-Leste - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on religion

Ukraine - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on religion

United States of America - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on religion

Venezuela - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on religion

Vietnam - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on religion

Yemen - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on religion

Albania - Yes, religion-specific prohibition

Andorra - Yes, religion-specific prohibition

Angola - Yes, religion-specific prohibition

Argentina - Yes, religion-specific prohibition

Australia - Yes, religion-specific prohibition

Austria - Yes, religion-specific prohibition

Bahamas - Yes, religion-specific prohibition

Barbados - Yes, religion-specific prohibition

Belgium - Yes, religion-specific prohibition

Belize - Yes, religion-specific prohibition

Benin - Yes, religion-specific prohibition

Bhutan - Yes, religion-specific prohibition

Bosnia and Herzegovina - Yes, religion-specific prohibition

Bulgaria - Yes, religion-specific prohibition

Burkina Faso - Yes, religion-specific prohibition

Burundi - Yes, religion-specific prohibition

Cambodia - Yes, religion-specific prohibition

Canada - Yes, religion-specific prohibition

Cabo Verde - Yes, religion-specific prohibition

Central African Republic - Yes, religion-specific prohibition

Chad - Yes, religion-specific prohibition

Comoros - Yes, religion-specific prohibition

Cote d'Ivoire - Yes, religion-specific prohibition

Croatia - Yes, religion-specific prohibition

Cyprus - Yes, religion-specific prohibition

Czech Republic - Yes, religion-specific prohibition

Denmark - Yes, religion-specific prohibition

Djibouti - Yes, religion-specific prohibition

Dominican Republic - Yes, religion-specific prohibition

Estonia - Yes, religion-specific prohibition

Fiji - Yes, religion-specific prohibition

France - Yes, religion-specific prohibition

The Gambia - Yes, religion-specific prohibition

Georgia - Yes, religion-specific prohibition

Germany - Yes, religion-specific prohibition

Grenada - Yes, religion-specific prohibition

Guinea - Yes, religion-specific prohibition

Guyana - Yes, religion-specific prohibition

Hungary - Yes, religion-specific prohibition

Iceland - Yes, religion-specific prohibition

Iraq - Yes, religion-specific prohibition

Ireland - Yes, religion-specific prohibition

Israel - Yes, religion-specific prohibition

Italy - Yes, religion-specific prohibition

Kenya - Yes, religion-specific prohibition

Kiribati - Yes, religion-specific prohibition

Latvia - Yes, religion-specific prohibition

Liberia - Yes, religion-specific prohibition

Lithuania - Yes, religion-specific prohibition

Luxembourg - Yes, religion-specific prohibition

North Macedonia - Yes, religion-specific prohibition

Madagascar - Yes, religion-specific prohibition

Malawi - Yes, religion-specific prohibition

Malta - Yes, religion-specific prohibition

Mauritius - Yes, religion-specific prohibition

Mexico - Yes, religion-specific prohibition

Moldova - Yes, religion-specific prohibition

Montenegro - Yes, religion-specific prohibition

Morocco - Yes, religion-specific prohibition

Namibia - Yes, religion-specific prohibition

The Netherlands - Yes, religion-specific prohibition

New Zealand - Yes, religion-specific prohibition

Niger - Yes, religion-specific prohibition

Norway - Yes, religion-specific prohibition

Peru - Yes, religion-specific prohibition

Poland - Yes, religion-specific prohibition

Portugal - Yes, religion-specific prohibition

Romania - Yes, religion-specific prohibition

Russian Federation - Yes, religion-specific prohibition

Sao Tome and Principe - Yes, religion-specific prohibition

Serbia - Yes, religion-specific prohibition

Seychelles - Yes, religion-specific prohibition

Slovakia - Yes, religion-specific prohibition

Slovenia - Yes, religion-specific prohibition

South Africa - Yes, religion-specific prohibition

South Sudan - Yes, religion-specific prohibition

Spain - Yes, religion-specific prohibition

St. Lucia - Yes, religion-specific prohibition

Sweden - Yes, religion-specific prohibition

Syria - Yes, religion-specific prohibition

Tanzania - Yes, religion-specific prohibition

Togo - Yes, religion-specific prohibition

Trinidad and Tobago - Yes, religion-specific prohibition

Türkiye - Yes, religion-specific prohibition

Turkmenistan - Yes, religion-specific prohibition

Tuvalu - Yes, religion-specific prohibition

Uganda - Yes, religion-specific prohibition

United Kingdom - Yes, religion-specific prohibition

Uzbekistan - Yes, religion-specific prohibition

Zambia - Yes, religion-specific prohibition

Zimbabwe - Yes, religion-specific prohibition