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Does legislation explicitly prohibit indirect discrimination on the basis of race/ethnicity?
The term “race/ethnicity” includes references to ‘color’, ‘clan’, ‘ethnic origin’, or ‘ethnic groups’. For the purposes of this variable, the term “race/ethnicity” captures all of these definitions.
Indirect discrimination
indicates a prohibition of imposing standards, criteria, or other requirements that disproportionately impact persons on the basis of race/ethnicity and have the effect of discrimination on this basis. In these cases, legislation either explicitly prohibits indirect discrimination, or prohibits the imposition of unreasonable requirements that particularly disadvantage persons on the basis of race/ethnicity. Legislative prohibitions of indirect discrimination may extend across any aspect of work, or specific aspects of work such as hiring.
No prohibition
means that legislation does not take an explicit approach to prohibiting indirect discrimination on the basis of race/ethnicity. This does not mean that legislation denies this guarantee.
General prohibition of indirect discrimination
means that legislation prohibits indirect discrimination generally— for example, by prohibiting indirect discrimination based on “any status” or stating no worker may be indirectly discriminated against. This general prohibition is not specifically extended on the basis of race/ethnicity.
Yes, prohibition on the basis of race/ethnicity
means that legislation extends an explicit prohibition of indirect discrimination on the basis of race/ethnicity.
Countries
Afghanistan
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Algeria
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Angola
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Antigua and Barbuda
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Argentina
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Australia
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Bahamas
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Bahrain
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Bangladesh
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Belarus
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Belize
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Benin
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Bolivia
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Botswana
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Brazil
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Brunei
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Burkina Faso
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Cambodia
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Cameroon
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Cabo Verde
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Central African Republic
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Chad
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Chile
- No indirect discrimination provisions
China
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Colombia
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Comoros
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Democratic Republic of the Congo
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Republic of the Congo
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Costa Rica
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Cote d'Ivoire
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Cuba
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Djibouti
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Dominica
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Dominican Republic
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Ecuador
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Egypt
- No indirect discrimination provisions
El Salvador
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Eritrea
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Ethiopia
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Gabon
- No indirect discrimination provisions
The Gambia
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Ghana
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Greenland
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Grenada
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Guatemala
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Guinea
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Guinea-Bissau
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Haiti
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Honduras
- No indirect discrimination provisions
India
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Indonesia
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Iran
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Iraq
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Israel
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Jamaica
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Japan
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Jordan
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Kazakhstan
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Democratic People's Republic of Korea
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Republic of Korea
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Kuwait
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Kyrgyzstan
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Lebanon
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Lesotho
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Libya
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Liechtenstein
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Madagascar
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Malawi
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Malaysia
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Maldives
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Mali
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Marshall Islands
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Mauritania
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Mexico
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Micronesia, Federated States of
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Monaco
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Mongolia
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Morocco
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Mozambique
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Myanmar
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Nauru
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Nepal
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Nicaragua
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Niger
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Nigeria
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Oman
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Pakistan
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Palau
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Panama
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Papua New Guinea
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Paraguay
- No indirect discrimination provisions
The Philippines
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Qatar
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Rwanda
- No indirect discrimination provisions
San Marino
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Saudi Arabia
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Senegal
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Seychelles
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Sierra Leone
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Singapore
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Solomon Islands
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Somalia
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Sri Lanka
- No indirect discrimination provisions
St. Kitts and Nevis
- No indirect discrimination provisions
St. Vincent and the Grenadines
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Sudan
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Suriname
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Switzerland
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Syria
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Tajikistan
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Thailand
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Tonga
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Trinidad and Tobago
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Tunisia
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Turkmenistan
- No indirect discrimination provisions
United Arab Emirates
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Uruguay
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Uzbekistan
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Vanuatu
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Venezuela
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Vietnam
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Yemen
- No indirect discrimination provisions
Laos
- General prohibition of indirect discrimination
Albania
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Andorra
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Armenia
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Austria
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Azerbaijan
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Barbados
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Belgium
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Bhutan
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Bulgaria
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Burundi
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Canada
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Croatia
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Cyprus
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Czech Republic
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Denmark
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Equatorial Guinea
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Estonia
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Fiji
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Finland
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
France
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Georgia
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Germany
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Greece
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Guyana
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Hungary
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Iceland
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Ireland
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Italy
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Kenya
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Kiribati
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Latvia
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Liberia
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Lithuania
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Luxembourg
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
North Macedonia
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Malta
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Mauritius
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Moldova
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Montenegro
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Namibia
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
The Netherlands
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
New Zealand
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Norway
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Peru
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Poland
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Portugal
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Romania
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Russian Federation
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Samoa
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Sao Tome and Principe
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Serbia
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Slovakia
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Slovenia
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
South Africa
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
South Sudan
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Spain
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
St. Lucia
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Eswatini
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Sweden
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Tanzania
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Timor-Leste
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Togo
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Türkiye
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Tuvalu
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Uganda
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Ukraine
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
United Kingdom
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
United States of America
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Zambia
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
Zimbabwe
- Yes, race/ ethnicity-specific prohibition
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