WORLD Policy Analysis Center

Does the constitution explicitly address the integration of students with disabilities into public school systems?

Integration refers to a positive guarantee that students with disabilities attend public schools in an integrated setting with non-disabled students.

The term ‘disability’ refers to both general references to disabilities and specific mentions of mental or physical disabilities.

The concept of integration can take different forms depending on the country, but it generally includes either guaranteed access to “regular” schools, and/or guaranteed access to the same schools as non-disabled students.

No specific provision means that the constitution does not explicitly address the integration of students with disabilities into the public school system. This does not mean that the constitution denies this right, but that it does not explicitly address it.

Aspirational provision means that the constitution addresses the integration of students with disabilities into the public school system, but does not use language strong enough to be considered a guarantee. For example, constitutions in this category may state that it is preferable for students with disabilities to attend schools in an integrated setting, or that integration is guaranteed only to the extent that it is possible.

Integration explicitly guaranteed means that students with disabilities have the explicit right to attend public schools in an integrated setting. General references to equal access to public spaces, and/or equal access to the provisions of goods and services are not included in this category.

Countries

Afghanistan - No specific provision

Albania - No specific provision

Algeria - No specific provision

Andorra - No specific provision

Angola - No specific provision

Antigua and Barbuda - No specific provision

Argentina - No specific provision

Armenia - No specific provision

Australia - No specific provision

Austria - No specific provision

Azerbaijan - No specific provision

Bahamas - No specific provision

Bahrain - No specific provision

Bangladesh - No specific provision

Barbados - No specific provision

Belarus - No specific provision

Belgium - No specific provision

Belize - No specific provision

Benin - No specific provision

Bhutan - No specific provision

Bosnia and Herzegovina - No specific provision

Botswana - No specific provision

Brunei - No specific provision

Bulgaria - No specific provision

Burkina Faso - No specific provision

Burundi - No specific provision

Cambodia - No specific provision

Cameroon - No specific provision

Canada - No specific provision

Cabo Verde - No specific provision

Central African Republic - No specific provision

Chad - No specific provision

Chile - No specific provision

China - No specific provision

Colombia - No specific provision

Comoros - No specific provision

Democratic Republic of the Congo - No specific provision

Republic of the Congo - No specific provision

Costa Rica - No specific provision

Cote d'Ivoire - No specific provision

Croatia - No specific provision

Cuba - No specific provision

Cyprus - No specific provision

Czech Republic - No specific provision

Denmark - No specific provision

Djibouti - No specific provision

Dominica - No specific provision

Dominican Republic - No specific provision

Egypt - No specific provision

El Salvador - No specific provision

Equatorial Guinea - No specific provision

Eritrea - No specific provision

Estonia - No specific provision

Ethiopia - No specific provision

Fiji - No specific provision

Finland - No specific provision

France - No specific provision

Gabon - No specific provision

The Gambia - No specific provision

Georgia - No specific provision

Germany - No specific provision

Ghana - No specific provision

Greece - No specific provision

Greenland - No specific provision

Grenada - No specific provision

Guatemala - No specific provision

Guinea - No specific provision

Guinea-Bissau - No specific provision

Guyana - No specific provision

Haiti - No specific provision

Honduras - No specific provision

Hungary - No specific provision

Iceland - No specific provision

India - No specific provision

Indonesia - No specific provision

Iran - No specific provision

Iraq - No specific provision

Ireland - No specific provision

Israel - No specific provision

Italy - No specific provision

Jamaica - No specific provision

Japan - No specific provision

Jordan - No specific provision

Kazakhstan - No specific provision

Kiribati - No specific provision

Democratic People's Republic of Korea - No specific provision

Republic of Korea - No specific provision

Kuwait - No specific provision

Kyrgyzstan - No specific provision

Laos - No specific provision

Latvia - No specific provision

Lebanon - No specific provision

Lesotho - No specific provision

Liberia - No specific provision

Libya - No specific provision

Liechtenstein - No specific provision

Lithuania - No specific provision

Luxembourg - No specific provision

North Macedonia - No specific provision

Madagascar - No specific provision

Malawi - No specific provision

Malaysia - No specific provision

Maldives - No specific provision

Mali - No specific provision

Malta - No specific provision

Marshall Islands - No specific provision

Mauritania - No specific provision

Mauritius - No specific provision

Mexico - No specific provision

Micronesia, Federated States of - No specific provision

Monaco - No specific provision

Mongolia - No specific provision

Montenegro - No specific provision

Morocco - No specific provision

Mozambique - No specific provision

Myanmar - No specific provision

Namibia - No specific provision

Nauru - No specific provision

Nepal - No specific provision

The Netherlands - No specific provision

New Zealand - No specific provision

Nicaragua - No specific provision

Niger - No specific provision

Nigeria - No specific provision

Norway - No specific provision

Oman - No specific provision

Pakistan - No specific provision

Palau - No specific provision

Panama - No specific provision

Papua New Guinea - No specific provision

Paraguay - No specific provision

Peru - No specific provision

The Philippines - No specific provision

Poland - No specific provision

Portugal - No specific provision

Qatar - No specific provision

Romania - No specific provision

Russian Federation - No specific provision

Rwanda - No specific provision

Samoa - No specific provision

San Marino - No specific provision

Sao Tome and Principe - No specific provision

Saudi Arabia - No specific provision

Senegal - No specific provision

Serbia - No specific provision

Seychelles - No specific provision

Sierra Leone - No specific provision

Singapore - No specific provision

Slovakia - No specific provision

Slovenia - No specific provision

Solomon Islands - No specific provision

Somalia - No specific provision

South Africa - No specific provision

South Sudan - No specific provision

Spain - No specific provision

Sri Lanka - No specific provision

St. Kitts and Nevis - No specific provision

St. Lucia - No specific provision

St. Vincent and the Grenadines - No specific provision

Sudan - No specific provision

Suriname - No specific provision

Eswatini - No specific provision

Sweden - No specific provision

Switzerland - No specific provision

Syria - No specific provision

Tajikistan - No specific provision

Tanzania - No specific provision

Thailand - No specific provision

Timor-Leste - No specific provision

Togo - No specific provision

Tonga - No specific provision

Trinidad and Tobago - No specific provision

Tunisia - No specific provision

Türkiye - No specific provision

Turkmenistan - No specific provision

Tuvalu - No specific provision

Uganda - No specific provision

Ukraine - No specific provision

United Arab Emirates - No specific provision

United Kingdom - No specific provision

United States of America - No specific provision

Uruguay - No specific provision

Uzbekistan - No specific provision

Vanuatu - No specific provision

Vietnam - No specific provision

Yemen - No specific provision

Zambia - No specific provision

Zimbabwe - No specific provision

Brazil - Aspirational provision

Kenya - Aspirational provision

Bolivia - Integration explicitly guaranteed

Ecuador - Integration explicitly guaranteed

Moldova - Integration explicitly guaranteed

Venezuela - Integration explicitly guaranteed