WORLD Policy Analysis Center

Does the constitution explicitly guarantee citizens’ right to free secondary education?

Right to free secondary education means the constitution explicitly mentions a right to free education for at least 11 years or until at least age 16, a right to free secondary education, or a right to free education at all levels.

No specific provision means that the constitution does not explicitly mention free secondary education. This does not mean that the constitution denies the right to free secondary education, but that it does not explicitly include this right.

Income-dependent or only for certain groups means that the constitution only explicitly guarantees the right to free secondary education for certain groups or allows for contributions to the cost of secondary education for higher-income households.

Aspirational provision means that the constitution protects the right to free secondary education, but does not use language strong enough to be considered a guarantee. For example, constitutions in this category might make it a state policy to promote free secondary education.

To be progressively realized means that the constitution specifies that the right to free secondary education will be realized progressively or that free secondary education will be implemented within a certain time period.

Guaranteed right means that the constitution protects the right to free secondary education in authoritative language. For example, constitutions in this category might guarantee citizens’ right to free secondary education or make it the State’s responsibility to provide free secondary education.

Countries

Algeria - No specific provision

Andorra - No specific provision

Angola - No specific provision

Antigua and Barbuda - No specific provision

Australia - No specific provision

Austria - No specific provision

Bahamas - No specific provision

Bahrain - No specific provision

Bangladesh - No specific provision

Barbados - No specific provision

Belgium - No specific provision

Belize - No specific provision

Bhutan - No specific provision

Bosnia and Herzegovina - No specific provision

Botswana - No specific provision

Brunei - No specific provision

Burkina Faso - No specific provision

Burundi - No specific provision

Cameroon - No specific provision

Canada - No specific provision

Cabo Verde - No specific provision

Chad - No specific provision

China - No specific provision

Comoros - No specific provision

Democratic Republic of the Congo - No specific provision

Republic of the Congo - No specific provision

Costa Rica - No specific provision

Cote d'Ivoire - No specific provision

Croatia - No specific provision

Cyprus - No specific provision

Denmark - No specific provision

Djibouti - No specific provision

Dominica - No specific provision

Equatorial Guinea - No specific provision

Eritrea - No specific provision

Ethiopia - No specific provision

Finland - No specific provision

Gabon - No specific provision

Germany - No specific provision

Greenland - No specific provision

Grenada - No specific provision

Guinea-Bissau - No specific provision

Haiti - No specific provision

Iceland - No specific provision

India - No specific provision

Indonesia - No specific provision

Ireland - No specific provision

Israel - No specific provision

Italy - No specific provision

Jamaica - No specific provision

Japan - No specific provision

Jordan - No specific provision

Kenya - No specific provision

Kiribati - No specific provision

Republic of Korea - No specific provision

Kuwait - No specific provision

Laos - No specific provision

Lebanon - No specific provision

Liberia - No specific provision

Libya - No specific provision

Liechtenstein - No specific provision

North Macedonia - No specific provision

Malawi - No specific provision

Malaysia - No specific provision

Malta - No specific provision

Marshall Islands - No specific provision

Mauritania - No specific provision

Mauritius - No specific provision

Micronesia, Federated States of - No specific provision

Mongolia - No specific provision

Montenegro - No specific provision

Morocco - No specific provision

Mozambique - No specific provision

Myanmar - No specific provision

Namibia - No specific provision

Nauru - No specific provision

The Netherlands - No specific provision

New Zealand - No specific provision

Niger - No specific provision

Norway - No specific provision

Oman - No specific provision

Papua New Guinea - No specific provision

Paraguay - No specific provision

Qatar - No specific provision

Rwanda - No specific provision

Samoa - No specific provision

San Marino - No specific provision

Sao Tome and Principe - No specific provision

Saudi Arabia - No specific provision

Senegal - No specific provision

Seychelles - No specific provision

Singapore - No specific provision

Slovenia - No specific provision

Solomon Islands - No specific provision

South Africa - No specific provision

South Sudan - No specific provision

Spain - No specific provision

Sri Lanka - No specific provision

St. Kitts and Nevis - No specific provision

St. Lucia - No specific provision

St. Vincent and the Grenadines - No specific provision

Sudan - No specific provision

Eswatini - No specific provision

Sweden - No specific provision

Switzerland - No specific provision

Tanzania - No specific provision

Thailand - No specific provision

Timor-Leste - No specific provision

Tonga - No specific provision

Trinidad and Tobago - No specific provision

Türkiye - No specific provision

Tuvalu - No specific provision

Uganda - No specific provision

United Kingdom - No specific provision

United States of America - No specific provision

Vanuatu - No specific provision

Vietnam - No specific provision

Yemen - No specific provision

Zambia - No specific provision

Zimbabwe - No specific provision

Colombia - Income dependent or only for specific groups

Nicaragua - Income dependent or only for specific groups

Panama - Income dependent or only for specific groups

Argentina - Aspirational provision

Nigeria - Aspirational provision

Sierra Leone - Aspirational provision

Uruguay - Aspirational provision

Benin - To be progressively realized

Brazil - To be progressively realized

Fiji - To be progressively realized

The Gambia - To be progressively realized

Ghana - To be progressively realized

Lesotho - To be progressively realized

Portugal - To be progressively realized

Suriname - To be progressively realized

Togo - To be progressively realized

Afghanistan - Guaranteed right

Albania - Guaranteed right

Armenia - Guaranteed right

Azerbaijan - Guaranteed right

Belarus - Guaranteed right

Bolivia - Guaranteed right

Bulgaria - Guaranteed right

Cambodia - Guaranteed right

Central African Republic - Guaranteed right

Chile - Guaranteed right

Cuba - Guaranteed right

Czech Republic - Guaranteed right

Dominican Republic - Guaranteed right

Ecuador - Guaranteed right

Egypt - Guaranteed right

El Salvador - Guaranteed right

Estonia - Guaranteed right

France - Guaranteed right

Georgia - Guaranteed right

Greece - Guaranteed right

Guatemala - Guaranteed right

Guinea - Guaranteed right

Guyana - Guaranteed right

Honduras - Guaranteed right

Hungary - Guaranteed right

Iran - Guaranteed right

Iraq - Guaranteed right

Kazakhstan - Guaranteed right

Democratic People's Republic of Korea - Guaranteed right

Kyrgyzstan - Guaranteed right

Latvia - Guaranteed right

Lithuania - Guaranteed right

Luxembourg - Guaranteed right

Madagascar - Guaranteed right

Maldives - Guaranteed right

Mali - Guaranteed right

Mexico - Guaranteed right

Moldova - Guaranteed right

Monaco - Guaranteed right

Nepal - Guaranteed right

Pakistan - Guaranteed right

Palau - Guaranteed right

Peru - Guaranteed right

The Philippines - Guaranteed right

Poland - Guaranteed right

Romania - Guaranteed right

Russian Federation - Guaranteed right

Serbia - Guaranteed right

Slovakia - Guaranteed right

Somalia - Guaranteed right

Syria - Guaranteed right

Tajikistan - Guaranteed right

Tunisia - Guaranteed right

Turkmenistan - Guaranteed right

Ukraine - Guaranteed right

United Arab Emirates - Guaranteed right

Uzbekistan - Guaranteed right

Venezuela - Guaranteed right