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Does the constitution explicitly guarantee equal opportunities or non-discrimination in education?
No specific provision
means that the constitution does not explicitly mention the right to equal opportunities or non-discrimination in education. This does not mean that the constitution denies the right to equal educational opportunities, but that it does not explicitly include this right.
On the basis of merit or capabilities
means that the constitution protects the right to equal opportunities based on students’ capabilities or merits.
Guaranteed for 1 or 2 groups
means that the constitution protects the right to equal opportunities or non-discrimination in education, but only for 1 or 2 groups. For example, constitutions in this category might guarantee girls the same educational opportunities as boys or prohibit discrimination in education for children with disabilities.
Guaranteed generally or to 3 or more groups
means that the constitution protects the right to equal educational opportunities in authoritative language for all citizens or explicitly for 3 or more groups. For example, constitutions in this category might guarantee citizens’ right to equal opportunities in education or make it the State’s responsibility to ensure non-discrimination in education based on sex, race, religion, and disability.
Countries
Albania
- No specific provision
Andorra
- No specific provision
Angola
- No specific provision
Antigua and Barbuda
- No specific provision
Armenia
- No specific provision
Australia
- No specific provision
Bahamas
- No specific provision
Bahrain
- No specific provision
Barbados
- No specific provision
Bhutan
- No specific provision
Bosnia and Herzegovina
- No specific provision
Botswana
- No specific provision
Brunei
- No specific provision
Bulgaria
- No specific provision
Burkina Faso
- No specific provision
Cambodia
- No specific provision
Cameroon
- No specific provision
Canada
- No specific provision
Central African Republic
- No specific provision
Chile
- No specific provision
Colombia
- No specific provision
Comoros
- No specific provision
Costa Rica
- No specific provision
Cote d'Ivoire
- No specific provision
Cuba
- No specific provision
Cyprus
- No specific provision
Czech Republic
- No specific provision
Denmark
- No specific provision
Djibouti
- No specific provision
Dominica
- No specific provision
Egypt
- No specific provision
Equatorial Guinea
- No specific provision
Eritrea
- No specific provision
Estonia
- No specific provision
Fiji
- No specific provision
Georgia
- No specific provision
Germany
- No specific provision
Greenland
- No specific provision
Grenada
- No specific provision
Guinea
- No specific provision
Guyana
- No specific provision
Haiti
- No specific provision
Hungary
- No specific provision
Iceland
- No specific provision
Indonesia
- No specific provision
Iran
- No specific provision
Iraq
- No specific provision
Ireland
- No specific provision
Israel
- No specific provision
Italy
- No specific provision
Jamaica
- No specific provision
Jordan
- No specific provision
Kazakhstan
- No specific provision
Kiribati
- No specific provision
Democratic People's Republic of Korea
- No specific provision
Kuwait
- No specific provision
Kyrgyzstan
- No specific provision
Latvia
- No specific provision
Lebanon
- No specific provision
Lesotho
- No specific provision
Libya
- No specific provision
Liechtenstein
- No specific provision
Lithuania
- No specific provision
Luxembourg
- No specific provision
Madagascar
- No specific provision
Mali
- No specific provision
Malta
- No specific provision
Marshall Islands
- No specific provision
Mauritania
- No specific provision
Mauritius
- No specific provision
Micronesia, Federated States of
- No specific provision
Moldova
- No specific provision
Monaco
- No specific provision
Mongolia
- No specific provision
Morocco
- No specific provision
Myanmar
- No specific provision
Namibia
- No specific provision
Nauru
- No specific provision
The Netherlands
- No specific provision
Niger
- No specific provision
Norway
- No specific provision
Oman
- No specific provision
Palau
- No specific provision
Papua New Guinea
- No specific provision
Qatar
- No specific provision
Russian Federation
- No specific provision
Rwanda
- No specific provision
Samoa
- No specific provision
San Marino
- No specific provision
Sao Tome and Principe
- No specific provision
Saudi Arabia
- No specific provision
Senegal
- No specific provision
Serbia
- No specific provision
Seychelles
- No specific provision
Slovakia
- No specific provision
Slovenia
- No specific provision
Solomon Islands
- No specific provision
Somalia
- No specific provision
South Africa
- No specific provision
Spain
- No specific provision
St. Kitts and Nevis
- No specific provision
St. Lucia
- No specific provision
St. Vincent and the Grenadines
- No specific provision
Eswatini
- No specific provision
Sweden
- No specific provision
Switzerland
- No specific provision
Syria
- No specific provision
Tajikistan
- No specific provision
Thailand
- No specific provision
Togo
- No specific provision
Tonga
- No specific provision
Trinidad and Tobago
- No specific provision
Tunisia
- No specific provision
Turkmenistan
- No specific provision
Tuvalu
- No specific provision
United Arab Emirates
- No specific provision
United Kingdom
- No specific provision
United States of America
- No specific provision
Uruguay
- No specific provision
Uzbekistan
- No specific provision
Vanuatu
- No specific provision
Vietnam
- No specific provision
Yemen
- No specific provision
Zambia
- No specific provision
Croatia
- On the basis of merit or capabilities
Japan
- On the basis of merit or capabilities
Republic of Korea
- On the basis of merit or capabilities
Sierra Leone
- On the basis of merit or capabilities
Afghanistan
- Guaranteed for 1 or 2 groups
Algeria
- Guaranteed for 1 or 2 groups
Argentina
- Guaranteed for 1 or 2 groups
Azerbaijan
- Guaranteed for 1 or 2 groups
Bangladesh
- Guaranteed for 1 or 2 groups
Belarus
- Guaranteed for 1 or 2 groups
Belize
- Guaranteed for 1 or 2 groups
Chad
- Guaranteed for 1 or 2 groups
China
- Guaranteed for 1 or 2 groups
Ethiopia
- Guaranteed for 1 or 2 groups
Greece
- Guaranteed for 1 or 2 groups
Guinea-Bissau
- Guaranteed for 1 or 2 groups
Laos
- Guaranteed for 1 or 2 groups
Liberia
- Guaranteed for 1 or 2 groups
Mexico
- Guaranteed for 1 or 2 groups
Mozambique
- Guaranteed for 1 or 2 groups
Nepal
- Guaranteed for 1 or 2 groups
Nigeria
- Guaranteed for 1 or 2 groups
Paraguay
- Guaranteed for 1 or 2 groups
Peru
- Guaranteed for 1 or 2 groups
Romania
- Guaranteed for 1 or 2 groups
Sri Lanka
- Guaranteed for 1 or 2 groups
Tanzania
- Guaranteed for 1 or 2 groups
Türkiye
- Guaranteed for 1 or 2 groups
Uganda
- Guaranteed for 1 or 2 groups
Ukraine
- Guaranteed for 1 or 2 groups
Zimbabwe
- Guaranteed for 1 or 2 groups
Austria
- Guaranteed generally or to 3 or more groups
Belgium
- Guaranteed generally or to 3 or more groups
Benin
- Guaranteed generally or to 3 or more groups
Bolivia
- Guaranteed generally or to 3 or more groups
Brazil
- Guaranteed generally or to 3 or more groups
Burundi
- Guaranteed generally or to 3 or more groups
Cabo Verde
- Guaranteed generally or to 3 or more groups
Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Guaranteed generally or to 3 or more groups
Republic of the Congo
- Guaranteed generally or to 3 or more groups
Dominican Republic
- Guaranteed generally or to 3 or more groups
Ecuador
- Guaranteed generally or to 3 or more groups
El Salvador
- Guaranteed generally or to 3 or more groups
Finland
- Guaranteed generally or to 3 or more groups
France
- Guaranteed generally or to 3 or more groups
Gabon
- Guaranteed generally or to 3 or more groups
The Gambia
- Guaranteed generally or to 3 or more groups
Ghana
- Guaranteed generally or to 3 or more groups
Guatemala
- Guaranteed generally or to 3 or more groups
Honduras
- Guaranteed generally or to 3 or more groups
India
- Guaranteed generally or to 3 or more groups
Kenya
- Guaranteed generally or to 3 or more groups
North Macedonia
- Guaranteed generally or to 3 or more groups
Malawi
- Guaranteed generally or to 3 or more groups
Malaysia
- Guaranteed generally or to 3 or more groups
Maldives
- Guaranteed generally or to 3 or more groups
Montenegro
- Guaranteed generally or to 3 or more groups
New Zealand
- Guaranteed generally or to 3 or more groups
Nicaragua
- Guaranteed generally or to 3 or more groups
Pakistan
- Guaranteed generally or to 3 or more groups
Panama
- Guaranteed generally or to 3 or more groups
The Philippines
- Guaranteed generally or to 3 or more groups
Poland
- Guaranteed generally or to 3 or more groups
Portugal
- Guaranteed generally or to 3 or more groups
Singapore
- Guaranteed generally or to 3 or more groups
South Sudan
- Guaranteed generally or to 3 or more groups
Sudan
- Guaranteed generally or to 3 or more groups
Suriname
- Guaranteed generally or to 3 or more groups
Timor-Leste
- Guaranteed generally or to 3 or more groups
Venezuela
- Guaranteed generally or to 3 or more groups
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