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Does the constitution explicitly guarantee equality or non-discrimination across sexual orientation and gender identity?

Explicit guarantees of equality or non-discrimination across sexual orientation and gender identity include prohibitions of discrimination against sexual minorities, and guarantees of equal rights, guarantees of equality before the law, and guarantees of overall equality regardless of sexual orientation.

No specific provision means that the constitution does not explicitly mention the right to equality or non-discrimination based on sexual orientation or gender identity for all citizens. This does not mean that the constitution denies this right, but that it does not explicitly include it.

Equality guaranteed, not specific to sexual orientation or gender identity means the right to equality and/or non-discrimination is guaranteed for all citizens, but not specifically on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity.

Aspirational for sexual orientation or gender identity means that the constitution protects the general right to equality and/or non-discrimination based on sexual orientation and/or gender identity but does not use language strong enough to be considered a guarantee. For example, constitutions in this category might state that the country aims to protect or promote equality based on sexual orientation.

Guaranteed for sexual orientation only means that the constitution protects the right to equality and/or non-discrimination based on sexual orientation in authoritative language, but does not explicitly mention gender identity. For example, constitutions in this category might guarantee citizens’ right to equality based on sexual orientation or make it the State’s responsibility to ensure this right.

Guaranteed for sexual orientation and gender identity means that the constitution protects the right to equality and/or non-discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity in authoritative language. No country guarantees equality across gender identity, but not sexual orientation. For example, constitutions in this category might guarantee citizens’ right to equality based on sexual orientation and gender identity or make it the State’s responsibility to ensure this right.

Countries

Antigua and Barbuda - No specific provision

Australia - No specific provision

Bahamas - No specific provision

Barbados - No specific provision

Botswana - No specific provision

Brunei - No specific provision

Denmark - No specific provision

Dominica - No specific provision

Greenland - No specific provision

Grenada - No specific provision

Israel - No specific provision

Kiribati - No specific provision

Democratic People's Republic of Korea - No specific provision

Mauritius - No specific provision

Nauru - No specific provision

Panama - No specific provision

Saudi Arabia - No specific provision

Sierra Leone - No specific provision

Solomon Islands - No specific provision

St. Vincent and the Grenadines - No specific provision

Zambia - No specific provision

Afghanistan - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Albania - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Algeria - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Andorra - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Angola - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Argentina - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Armenia - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Austria - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Azerbaijan - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Bahrain - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Bangladesh - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Belarus - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Belgium - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Belize - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Benin - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Bhutan - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Bosnia and Herzegovina - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Brazil - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Bulgaria - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Burkina Faso - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Burundi - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Cambodia - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Cameroon - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Canada - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Cabo Verde - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Central African Republic - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Chad - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Chile - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

China - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Colombia - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Comoros - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Democratic Republic of the Congo - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Republic of the Congo - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Costa Rica - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Cote d'Ivoire - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Croatia - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Cyprus - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Czech Republic - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Djibouti - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Dominican Republic - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Egypt - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

El Salvador - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Equatorial Guinea - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Eritrea - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Estonia - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Ethiopia - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Finland - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

France - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Gabon - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

The Gambia - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Georgia - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Germany - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Ghana - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Greece - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Guatemala - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Guinea - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Guinea-Bissau - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Guyana - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Haiti - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Honduras - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Hungary - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Iceland - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

India - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Indonesia - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Iran - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Iraq - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Ireland - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Italy - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Jamaica - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Japan - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Jordan - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Kazakhstan - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Kenya - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Republic of Korea - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Kuwait - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Kyrgyzstan - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Laos - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Latvia - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Lebanon - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Lesotho - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Liberia - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Libya - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Liechtenstein - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Lithuania - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Luxembourg - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

North Macedonia - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Madagascar - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Malawi - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Malaysia - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Maldives - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Mali - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Marshall Islands - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Mauritania - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Micronesia, Federated States of - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Moldova - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Monaco - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Mongolia - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Montenegro - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Morocco - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Mozambique - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Myanmar - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Namibia - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

The Netherlands - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Nicaragua - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Niger - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Nigeria - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Norway - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Oman - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Pakistan - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Palau - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Papua New Guinea - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Paraguay - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Peru - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

The Philippines - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Poland - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Qatar - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Romania - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Russian Federation - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Rwanda - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Samoa - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

San Marino - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Sao Tome and Principe - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Senegal - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Serbia - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Seychelles - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Singapore - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Slovakia - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Slovenia - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Somalia - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

South Sudan - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Spain - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Sri Lanka - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

St. Kitts and Nevis - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

St. Lucia - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Sudan - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Suriname - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Eswatini - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Switzerland - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Syria - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Tajikistan - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Tanzania - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Thailand - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Timor-Leste - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Togo - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Tonga - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Trinidad and Tobago - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Tunisia - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Türkiye - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Turkmenistan - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Tuvalu - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Uganda - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Ukraine - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

United Arab Emirates - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

United Kingdom - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

United States of America - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Uruguay - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Uzbekistan - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Vanuatu - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Venezuela - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Vietnam - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Yemen - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Zimbabwe - Equality guaranteed, not specific to SOGI

Nepal - Aspirational for SOGI

Mexico - Guaranteed for sexual orientation only

New Zealand - Guaranteed for sexual orientation only

Portugal - Guaranteed for sexual orientation only

South Africa - Guaranteed for sexual orientation only

Sweden - Guaranteed for sexual orientation only

Bolivia - Guaranteed for sexual orientation and gender identity

Cuba - Guaranteed for sexual orientation and gender identity

Ecuador - Guaranteed for sexual orientation and gender identity

Fiji - Guaranteed for sexual orientation and gender identity

Malta - Guaranteed for sexual orientation and gender identity