WORLD Policy Analysis Center

Does the constitution explicitly guarantee equality or non-discrimination across socioeconomic status?

Explicit guarantees of equality or non-discrimination across socioeconomic status include prohibitions of discrimination based on social position or caste, and guarantees of equal rights, guarantees of equality before the law, and guarantees of overall equality across education and income levels in a country.

No specific provision means that the constitution does not explicitly mention the right to equality or non-discrimination based on socioeconomic status for all citizens. This does not mean that the constitution denies this right, but that it does not explicitly include it.

Equality guaranteed, not specific to socioeconomic status means the right to equality and/or non-discrimination is guaranteed for all citizens, but not specifically on the basis of socioeconomic status.

Aspirational provision means that the constitution protects the general right to equality and/or non-discrimination based on socioeconomic status but does not use language strong enough to be considered a guarantee. For example, constitutions in this category might state that the country aims to protect or promote equality based on socioeconomic status.

Guaranteed right means that the constitution protects the right to equality and/or non-discrimination based on socioeconomic status in authoritative language. For example, constitutions in this category might guarantee citizens’ right to equality based on socioeconomic status or make it the State’s responsibility to ensure this right.

Countries

Antigua and Barbuda - No specific provision

Australia - No specific provision

Bahamas - No specific provision

Barbados - No specific provision

Botswana - No specific provision

Brunei - No specific provision

Denmark - No specific provision

Dominica - No specific provision

Greenland - No specific provision

Grenada - No specific provision

Israel - No specific provision

Kiribati - No specific provision

Democratic People's Republic of Korea - No specific provision

Malta - No specific provision

Nauru - No specific provision

New Zealand - No specific provision

Saudi Arabia - No specific provision

Solomon Islands - No specific provision

St. Vincent and the Grenadines - No specific provision

Sweden - No specific provision

Afghanistan - Equality guaranteed, not specific to socioeconomic status

Argentina - Equality guaranteed, not specific to socioeconomic status

Bahrain - Equality guaranteed, not specific to socioeconomic status

Belarus - Equality guaranteed, not specific to socioeconomic status

Belize - Equality guaranteed, not specific to socioeconomic status

Bhutan - Equality guaranteed, not specific to socioeconomic status

Cameroon - Equality guaranteed, not specific to socioeconomic status

Canada - Equality guaranteed, not specific to socioeconomic status

Chile - Equality guaranteed, not specific to socioeconomic status

China - Equality guaranteed, not specific to socioeconomic status

Comoros - Equality guaranteed, not specific to socioeconomic status

Costa Rica - Equality guaranteed, not specific to socioeconomic status

Cuba - Equality guaranteed, not specific to socioeconomic status

Djibouti - Equality guaranteed, not specific to socioeconomic status

El Salvador - Equality guaranteed, not specific to socioeconomic status

Finland - Equality guaranteed, not specific to socioeconomic status

Gabon - Equality guaranteed, not specific to socioeconomic status

Germany - Equality guaranteed, not specific to socioeconomic status

Greece - Equality guaranteed, not specific to socioeconomic status

Guatemala - Equality guaranteed, not specific to socioeconomic status

Haiti - Equality guaranteed, not specific to socioeconomic status

Indonesia - Equality guaranteed, not specific to socioeconomic status

Iran - Equality guaranteed, not specific to socioeconomic status

Ireland - Equality guaranteed, not specific to socioeconomic status

Jordan - Equality guaranteed, not specific to socioeconomic status

Kuwait - Equality guaranteed, not specific to socioeconomic status

Latvia - Equality guaranteed, not specific to socioeconomic status

Lebanon - Equality guaranteed, not specific to socioeconomic status

Liberia - Equality guaranteed, not specific to socioeconomic status

Liechtenstein - Equality guaranteed, not specific to socioeconomic status

Luxembourg - Equality guaranteed, not specific to socioeconomic status

Malaysia - Equality guaranteed, not specific to socioeconomic status

Monaco - Equality guaranteed, not specific to socioeconomic status

Montenegro - Equality guaranteed, not specific to socioeconomic status

The Netherlands - Equality guaranteed, not specific to socioeconomic status

Norway - Equality guaranteed, not specific to socioeconomic status

Pakistan - Equality guaranteed, not specific to socioeconomic status

Paraguay - Equality guaranteed, not specific to socioeconomic status

The Philippines - Equality guaranteed, not specific to socioeconomic status

Poland - Equality guaranteed, not specific to socioeconomic status

Qatar - Equality guaranteed, not specific to socioeconomic status

Senegal - Equality guaranteed, not specific to socioeconomic status

Singapore - Equality guaranteed, not specific to socioeconomic status

St. Kitts and Nevis - Equality guaranteed, not specific to socioeconomic status

St. Lucia - Equality guaranteed, not specific to socioeconomic status

Syria - Equality guaranteed, not specific to socioeconomic status

Trinidad and Tobago - Equality guaranteed, not specific to socioeconomic status

Tunisia - Equality guaranteed, not specific to socioeconomic status

Tuvalu - Equality guaranteed, not specific to socioeconomic status

United States of America - Equality guaranteed, not specific to socioeconomic status

Uruguay - Equality guaranteed, not specific to socioeconomic status

Vietnam - Equality guaranteed, not specific to socioeconomic status

Yemen - Equality guaranteed, not specific to socioeconomic status

Brazil - Aspirational provision

Papua New Guinea - Aspirational provision

Seychelles - Aspirational provision

Sierra Leone - Aspirational provision

Vanuatu - Aspirational provision

Albania - Guaranteed right

Algeria - Guaranteed right

Andorra - Guaranteed right

Angola - Guaranteed right

Armenia - Guaranteed right

Austria - Guaranteed right

Azerbaijan - Guaranteed right

Bangladesh - Guaranteed right

Belgium - Guaranteed right

Benin - Guaranteed right

Bolivia - Guaranteed right

Bosnia and Herzegovina - Guaranteed right

Bulgaria - Guaranteed right

Burkina Faso - Guaranteed right

Burundi - Guaranteed right

Cambodia - Guaranteed right

Cabo Verde - Guaranteed right

Central African Republic - Guaranteed right

Chad - Guaranteed right

Colombia - Guaranteed right

Democratic Republic of the Congo - Guaranteed right

Republic of the Congo - Guaranteed right

Cote d'Ivoire - Guaranteed right

Croatia - Guaranteed right

Cyprus - Guaranteed right

Czech Republic - Guaranteed right

Dominican Republic - Guaranteed right

Ecuador - Guaranteed right

Egypt - Guaranteed right

Equatorial Guinea - Guaranteed right

Eritrea - Guaranteed right

Estonia - Guaranteed right

Ethiopia - Guaranteed right

Fiji - Guaranteed right

France - Guaranteed right

The Gambia - Guaranteed right

Georgia - Guaranteed right

Ghana - Guaranteed right

Guinea - Guaranteed right

Guinea-Bissau - Guaranteed right

Guyana - Guaranteed right

Honduras - Guaranteed right

Hungary - Guaranteed right

Iceland - Guaranteed right

India - Guaranteed right

Iraq - Guaranteed right

Italy - Guaranteed right

Jamaica - Guaranteed right

Japan - Guaranteed right

Kazakhstan - Guaranteed right

Kenya - Guaranteed right

Republic of Korea - Guaranteed right

Kyrgyzstan - Guaranteed right

Laos - Guaranteed right

Lesotho - Guaranteed right

Libya - Guaranteed right

Lithuania - Guaranteed right

North Macedonia - Guaranteed right

Madagascar - Guaranteed right

Malawi - Guaranteed right

Maldives - Guaranteed right

Mali - Guaranteed right

Marshall Islands - Guaranteed right

Mauritania - Guaranteed right

Mauritius - Guaranteed right

Mexico - Guaranteed right

Micronesia, Federated States of - Guaranteed right

Moldova - Guaranteed right

Mongolia - Guaranteed right

Morocco - Guaranteed right

Mozambique - Guaranteed right

Myanmar - Guaranteed right

Namibia - Guaranteed right

Nepal - Guaranteed right

Nicaragua - Guaranteed right

Niger - Guaranteed right

Nigeria - Guaranteed right

Oman - Guaranteed right

Palau - Guaranteed right

Panama - Guaranteed right

Peru - Guaranteed right

Portugal - Guaranteed right

Romania - Guaranteed right

Russian Federation - Guaranteed right

Rwanda - Guaranteed right

Samoa - Guaranteed right

San Marino - Guaranteed right

Sao Tome and Principe - Guaranteed right

Serbia - Guaranteed right

Slovakia - Guaranteed right

Slovenia - Guaranteed right

Somalia - Guaranteed right

South Africa - Guaranteed right

South Sudan - Guaranteed right

Spain - Guaranteed right

Sri Lanka - Guaranteed right

Sudan - Guaranteed right

Suriname - Guaranteed right

Eswatini - Guaranteed right

Switzerland - Guaranteed right

Tajikistan - Guaranteed right

Tanzania - Guaranteed right

Thailand - Guaranteed right

Timor-Leste - Guaranteed right

Togo - Guaranteed right

Tonga - Guaranteed right

Türkiye - Guaranteed right

Turkmenistan - Guaranteed right

Uganda - Guaranteed right

Ukraine - Guaranteed right

United Arab Emirates - Guaranteed right

United Kingdom - Guaranteed right

Uzbekistan - Guaranteed right

Venezuela - Guaranteed right

Zambia - Guaranteed right

Zimbabwe - Guaranteed right