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How do countries that identify in their constitution as secular treat religion?
Special relationship with specific religion
means that the constitution explicitly states it is secular, but establishes a special relationship with one specific religion. Types of special relationships include referencing a traditional religion, acknowledging the historical influence of a specific religion, or stating that the state is founded upon values or principles from a single religious tradition
Privileges religion over nonbelief
means that the constitution explicitly states it is secular, but includes provisions to support religious practice over non-belief, such as granting tax exemptions to religious organizations, allowing religion in public schools, or recognizing or partnering with religious organizations in certain areas.
God included in oath of office
means that the constitution explicitly states it is secular, but has certain officials swear before God in the official oath of office included in the constitution. The constitution does not provide for a further role for religion.
References God in preamble
means that the constitution explicitly states it is secular, but references or thanks God in the preamble of the constitution. The constitution does not provide for a further role for religion.
No role for religion
means that the constitution explicitly states it is secular and provides no role for religion. The constitution may explicitly place limitations on the role of religion.
Countries
Bulgaria
- Special relationship with a specific religion
Italy
- Special relationship with a specific religion
Kenya
- Special relationship with a specific religion
Nigeria
- Special relationship with a specific religion
Paraguay
- Special relationship with a specific religion
Poland
- Special relationship with a specific religion
Spain
- Special relationship with a specific religion
Timor-Leste
- Special relationship with a specific religion
Angola
- Privileges religion over nonbelief
Bolivia
- Privileges religion over nonbelief
Brazil
- Privileges religion over nonbelief
Cabo Verde
- Privileges religion over nonbelief
Croatia
- Privileges religion over nonbelief
Czech Republic
- Privileges religion over nonbelief
Ethiopia
- Privileges religion over nonbelief
Gabon
- Privileges religion over nonbelief
Germany
- Privileges religion over nonbelief
Hungary
- Privileges religion over nonbelief
Ireland
- Privileges religion over nonbelief
Lithuania
- Privileges religion over nonbelief
Moldova
- Privileges religion over nonbelief
The Philippines
- Privileges religion over nonbelief
Romania
- Privileges religion over nonbelief
Benin
- God included in oath of office
Niger
- God included in oath of office
Rwanda
- God included in oath of office
Senegal
- God included in oath of office
South Sudan
- God included in oath of office
Albania
- References God in preamble
Australia
- References God in preamble
Ecuador
- References God in preamble
The Gambia
- References God in preamble
Guyana
- References God in preamble
Liberia
- References God in preamble
Mali
- References God in preamble
Palau
- References God in preamble
Togo
- References God in preamble
Uganda
- References God in preamble
Azerbaijan
- No role for religion
Burkina Faso
- No role for religion
Burundi
- No role for religion
Cameroon
- No role for religion
Central African Republic
- No role for religion
Chad
- No role for religion
Republic of the Congo
- No role for religion
Cote d'Ivoire
- No role for religion
Cuba
- No role for religion
Estonia
- No role for religion
Fiji
- No role for religion
France
- No role for religion
Guinea
- No role for religion
Guinea-Bissau
- No role for religion
India
- No role for religion
Japan
- No role for religion
Kazakhstan
- No role for religion
Republic of Korea
- No role for religion
Kyrgyzstan
- No role for religion
Latvia
- No role for religion
North Macedonia
- No role for religion
Madagascar
- No role for religion
Mexico
- No role for religion
Mongolia
- No role for religion
Montenegro
- No role for religion
Mozambique
- No role for religion
Nepal
- No role for religion
Nicaragua
- No role for religion
Portugal
- No role for religion
Russian Federation
- No role for religion
Sao Tome and Principe
- No role for religion
Serbia
- No role for religion
Slovakia
- No role for religion
Slovenia
- No role for religion
Tajikistan
- No role for religion
Tanzania
- No role for religion
Türkiye
- No role for religion
Turkmenistan
- No role for religion
Ukraine
- No role for religion
United States of America
- No role for religion
Uruguay
- No role for religion
Uzbekistan
- No role for religion
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