WORLD Policy Analysis Center

Is gender-based discrimination prohibited in education?

No prohibition means that legislation does not explicitly prohibit gender-based discrimination broadly, specifically in admissions or access to education, or in an education setting. This does not mean that legislation denies this guarantee.

Broadly prohibited, not specific to education means that national constitutions or legislation generally guarantee gender equality, but do not specifically prohibit gender discrimination in education or more narrowly address gender equality in access to education.

Discrimination prohibited in admissions means that legislation explicitly prohibits gender-based discrimination in admissions generally, guarantees that boys and girls have equal access to education, makes education explicitly compulsory for girls, prohibits the denial of access to girls, or guarantees girls the right to educational advancement. However, legislation does not specifically address gender discrimination in other aspects of education.

Prohibited in education means that legislation explicitly prohibits gender-based discrimination in education.

Because the vast majority of countries do not distinguish these provisions by level of education, we do not present separate results for different levels. Provisions that only apply to higher education are not included.

Countries

Bahamas - No prohibition

Barbados - No prohibition

Brunei - No prohibition

Haiti - No prohibition

Jordan - No prohibition

Lebanon - No prohibition

Nauru - No prohibition

Seychelles - No prohibition

Singapore - No prohibition

Yemen - No prohibition

Antigua and Barbuda - Broadly prohibited, not specific to education

Austria - Broadly prohibited, not specific to education

Bahrain - Broadly prohibited, not specific to education

Cambodia - Broadly prohibited, not specific to education

Canada - Broadly prohibited, not specific to education

Comoros - Broadly prohibited, not specific to education

Cuba - Broadly prohibited, not specific to education

Cyprus - Broadly prohibited, not specific to education

Dominica - Broadly prohibited, not specific to education

Equatorial Guinea - Broadly prohibited, not specific to education

Eritrea - Broadly prohibited, not specific to education

Ethiopia - Broadly prohibited, not specific to education

Ghana - Broadly prohibited, not specific to education

Greece - Broadly prohibited, not specific to education

Greenland - Broadly prohibited, not specific to education

Grenada - Broadly prohibited, not specific to education

Iraq - Broadly prohibited, not specific to education

Jamaica - Broadly prohibited, not specific to education

Liberia - Broadly prohibited, not specific to education

Liechtenstein - Broadly prohibited, not specific to education

Madagascar - Broadly prohibited, not specific to education

Malaysia - Broadly prohibited, not specific to education

Micronesia, Federated States of - Broadly prohibited, not specific to education

Myanmar - Broadly prohibited, not specific to education

Norway - Broadly prohibited, not specific to education

Pakistan - Broadly prohibited, not specific to education

Palau - Broadly prohibited, not specific to education

Papua New Guinea - Broadly prohibited, not specific to education

Portugal - Broadly prohibited, not specific to education

Qatar - Broadly prohibited, not specific to education

Rwanda - Broadly prohibited, not specific to education

Samoa - Broadly prohibited, not specific to education

Solomon Islands - Broadly prohibited, not specific to education

Somalia - Broadly prohibited, not specific to education

St. Kitts and Nevis - Broadly prohibited, not specific to education

St. Lucia - Broadly prohibited, not specific to education

St. Vincent and the Grenadines - Broadly prohibited, not specific to education

Sudan - Broadly prohibited, not specific to education

Suriname - Broadly prohibited, not specific to education

Thailand - Broadly prohibited, not specific to education

Timor-Leste - Broadly prohibited, not specific to education

Tuvalu - Broadly prohibited, not specific to education

Afghanistan - Prohibited in admissions or access to education

Bangladesh - Prohibited in admissions or access to education

Belize - Prohibited in admissions or access to education

Cameroon - Prohibited in admissions or access to education

Cabo Verde - Prohibited in admissions or access to education

Central African Republic - Prohibited in admissions or access to education

Guyana - Prohibited in admissions or access to education

Iran - Prohibited in admissions or access to education

Kuwait - Prohibited in admissions or access to education

Marshall Islands - Prohibited in admissions or access to education

Mauritania - Prohibited in admissions or access to education

Monaco - Prohibited in admissions or access to education

Switzerland - Prohibited in admissions or access to education

Syria - Prohibited in admissions or access to education

Tanzania - Prohibited in admissions or access to education

Tonga - Prohibited in admissions or access to education

Albania - Prohibited in education

Algeria - Prohibited in education

Andorra - Prohibited in education

Angola - Prohibited in education

Argentina - Prohibited in education

Armenia - Prohibited in education

Australia - Prohibited in education

Azerbaijan - Prohibited in education

Belarus - Prohibited in education

Belgium - Prohibited in education

Benin - Prohibited in education

Bhutan - Prohibited in education

Bolivia - Prohibited in education

Bosnia and Herzegovina - Prohibited in education

Botswana - Prohibited in education

Brazil - Prohibited in education

Bulgaria - Prohibited in education

Burkina Faso - Prohibited in education

Burundi - Prohibited in education

Chad - Prohibited in education

Chile - Prohibited in education

China - Prohibited in education

Colombia - Prohibited in education

Democratic Republic of the Congo - Prohibited in education

Republic of the Congo - Prohibited in education

Costa Rica - Prohibited in education

Cote d'Ivoire - Prohibited in education

Croatia - Prohibited in education

Czech Republic - Prohibited in education

Denmark - Prohibited in education

Djibouti - Prohibited in education

Dominican Republic - Prohibited in education

Ecuador - Prohibited in education

Egypt - Prohibited in education

El Salvador - Prohibited in education

Estonia - Prohibited in education

Fiji - Prohibited in education

Finland - Prohibited in education

France - Prohibited in education

Gabon - Prohibited in education

The Gambia - Prohibited in education

Georgia - Prohibited in education

Germany - Prohibited in education

Guatemala - Prohibited in education

Guinea - Prohibited in education

Guinea-Bissau - Prohibited in education

Honduras - Prohibited in education

Hungary - Prohibited in education

Iceland - Prohibited in education

India - Prohibited in education

Indonesia - Prohibited in education

Ireland - Prohibited in education

Israel - Prohibited in education

Italy - Prohibited in education

Japan - Prohibited in education

Kazakhstan - Prohibited in education

Kenya - Prohibited in education

Kiribati - Prohibited in education

Democratic People's Republic of Korea - Prohibited in education

Republic of Korea - Prohibited in education

Kyrgyzstan - Prohibited in education

Laos - Prohibited in education

Latvia - Prohibited in education

Lesotho - Prohibited in education

Libya - Prohibited in education

Lithuania - Prohibited in education

Luxembourg - Prohibited in education

North Macedonia - Prohibited in education

Malawi - Prohibited in education

Maldives - Prohibited in education

Mali - Prohibited in education

Malta - Prohibited in education

Mauritius - Prohibited in education

Mexico - Prohibited in education

Moldova - Prohibited in education

Mongolia - Prohibited in education

Montenegro - Prohibited in education

Morocco - Prohibited in education

Mozambique - Prohibited in education

Namibia - Prohibited in education

Nepal - Prohibited in education

The Netherlands - Prohibited in education

New Zealand - Prohibited in education

Nicaragua - Prohibited in education

Niger - Prohibited in education

Nigeria - Prohibited in education

Oman - Prohibited in education

Panama - Prohibited in education

Paraguay - Prohibited in education

Peru - Prohibited in education

The Philippines - Prohibited in education

Poland - Prohibited in education

Romania - Prohibited in education

Russian Federation - Prohibited in education

San Marino - Prohibited in education

Sao Tome and Principe - Prohibited in education

Saudi Arabia - Prohibited in education

Senegal - Prohibited in education

Serbia - Prohibited in education

Sierra Leone - Prohibited in education

Slovakia - Prohibited in education

Slovenia - Prohibited in education

South Africa - Prohibited in education

South Sudan - Prohibited in education

Spain - Prohibited in education

Sri Lanka - Prohibited in education

Eswatini - Prohibited in education

Sweden - Prohibited in education

Tajikistan - Prohibited in education

Togo - Prohibited in education

Trinidad and Tobago - Prohibited in education

Tunisia - Prohibited in education

Türkiye - Prohibited in education

Turkmenistan - Prohibited in education

Uganda - Prohibited in education

Ukraine - Prohibited in education

United Arab Emirates - Prohibited in education

United Kingdom - Prohibited in education

United States of America - Prohibited in education

Uruguay - Prohibited in education

Uzbekistan - Prohibited in education

Vanuatu - Prohibited in education

Venezuela - Prohibited in education

Vietnam - Prohibited in education

Zambia - Prohibited in education

Zimbabwe - Prohibited in education