WORLD Policy Analysis Center

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Is retaliation prohibited for participating in workplace investigations of discrimination on the basis of gender expression?

The term “gender expression” includes terms such as “gender-related appearance or mannerisms”.

No prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression indicates that legislation does not specifically prohibit gender expression-based workplace discrimination broadly, nor specifically against discrimination in hiring, promotions and/or demotions, training, pay, nor terminations. This does not mean that legislation denies this guarantee.

No prohibition of retaliation means that country legislation does explicitly prohibit at least one of these forms of gender expression-based workplace discrimination, but it does not at the same time pair this prohibition with an explicit prohibition of retaliatory action or dismissal for reporting workplace discrimination.

Only for individuals who report means that there is some prohibition of gender expression-based workplace discrimination and retaliation is prohibited against individuals who report discrimination at work and/or file a discrimination claim to an independent body, but not against other employees who might participate in an investigation.

Explicit coverage for workers participating in investigation means that legislation both explicitly prohibits gender expression-based workplace discrimination and prohibits at least some form of retaliatory action for workers participating in the investigation, such as by providing testimony.

Coverage not specified means legislation both explicitly prohibits gender expression-based workplace discrimination and prohibits retaliation, but does not clearly specify who is covered by prohibitions of retaliation.

Countries

Albania - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Algeria - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Angola - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Antigua and Barbuda - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Armenia - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Austria - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Azerbaijan - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Bahamas - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Bahrain - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Bangladesh - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Barbados - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Belarus - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Belize - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Benin - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Bhutan - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Bolivia - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Bosnia and Herzegovina - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Botswana - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Brazil - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Brunei - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Bulgaria - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Burkina Faso - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Burundi - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Cambodia - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Cameroon - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Canada - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Cabo Verde - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Central African Republic - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Chad - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Chile - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

China - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Colombia - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Comoros - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Republic of the Congo - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Democratic Republic of the Congo - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Costa Rica - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Cote d'Ivoire - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Cuba - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Cyprus - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Czech Republic - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Djibouti - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Dominica - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Dominican Republic - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Ecuador - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Egypt - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

El Salvador - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Equatorial Guinea - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Eritrea - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Estonia - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Ethiopia - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

France - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Gabon - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

The Gambia - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Germany - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Ghana - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Greece - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Greenland - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Grenada - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Guatemala - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Guinea - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Guinea-Bissau - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Guyana - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Haiti - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Honduras - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Hungary - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

India - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Indonesia - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Iran - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Iraq - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Ireland - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Israel - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Italy - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Jamaica - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Japan - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Jordan - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Kazakhstan - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Kenya - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Kiribati - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Democratic People's Republic of Korea - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Republic of Korea - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Kuwait - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Kyrgyzstan - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Laos - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Latvia - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Lebanon - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Lesotho - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Liberia - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Libya - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Liechtenstein - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Lithuania - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Luxembourg - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

North Macedonia - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Madagascar - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Malawi - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Malaysia - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Maldives - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Mali - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Marshall Islands - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Mauritania - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Mauritius - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Mexico - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Micronesia, Federated States of - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Moldova - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Monaco - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Montenegro - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Morocco - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Mozambique - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Myanmar - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Namibia - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Nauru - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Nepal - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

New Zealand - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Nicaragua - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Niger - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Nigeria - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Oman - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Palau - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Panama - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Papua New Guinea - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Paraguay - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Peru - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

The Philippines - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Poland - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Portugal - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Qatar - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Romania - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Russian Federation - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Rwanda - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Samoa - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

San Marino - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Sao Tome and Principe - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Saudi Arabia - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Senegal - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Serbia - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Seychelles - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Sierra Leone - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Singapore - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Slovakia - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Solomon Islands - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Somalia - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

South Africa - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

South Sudan - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Sri Lanka - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

St. Kitts and Nevis - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

St. Lucia - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

St. Vincent and the Grenadines - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Sudan - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Suriname - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Eswatini - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Switzerland - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Syria - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Tajikistan - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Tanzania - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Thailand - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Timor-Leste - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Togo - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Tonga - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Trinidad and Tobago - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Tunisia - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Türkiye - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Turkmenistan - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Tuvalu - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Uganda - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Ukraine - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

United Arab Emirates - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

United Kingdom - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

United States of America - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Uruguay - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Uzbekistan - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Vanuatu - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Venezuela - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Vietnam - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Yemen - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Zambia - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Zimbabwe - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender expression

Argentina - No prohibition of retaliation

Fiji - No prohibition of retaliation

Mongolia - No prohibition of retaliation

Denmark - Only individuals who report

Malta - Only individuals who report

Pakistan - Only individuals who report

Andorra - Explicit coverage for workers participating in investigation

Australia - Explicit coverage for workers participating in investigation

Belgium - Explicit coverage for workers participating in investigation

Croatia - Explicit coverage for workers participating in investigation

Finland - Explicit coverage for workers participating in investigation

Georgia - Explicit coverage for workers participating in investigation

Iceland - Explicit coverage for workers participating in investigation

The Netherlands - Explicit coverage for workers participating in investigation

Norway - Explicit coverage for workers participating in investigation

Slovenia - Explicit coverage for workers participating in investigation

Spain - Explicit coverage for workers participating in investigation

Sweden - Explicit coverage for workers participating in investigation