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Is retaliation prohibited for participating in workplace investigations of discrimination on the basis of paternal status?

The term “paternal status” includes gender-neutral references to caregiving (“parenthood’, ‘having children’, workers with ‘family responsibilities’), and gender-specific references to ‘fatherhood’, or ‘paternity’. For the purposes of this variable, the term “paternal status” captures all of these definitions, but it does not capture job protections that narrowly apply to fathers’ leave-taking.

No prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status indicates that legislation does not specifically prohibit paternal status-based workplace discrimination broadly, nor specifically against discrimination in hiring, promotions and/or demotions, training, pay, nor terminations. This does not mean that legislation denies this guarantee.

No prohibition of retaliation means that country legislation does explicitly prohibit at least one of these forms of paternal status-based workplace discrimination, but it does not at the same time pair this prohibition with an explicit prohibition of retaliatory action or dismissal for reporting workplace discrimination.

Only for individuals who report means that there is some prohibition of paternal status-based workplace discrimination and retaliation is prohibited against individuals who report discrimination at work and/or file a discrimination claim to an independent body, but not against other employees who might participate in an investigation.

Explicit coverage for workers participating in investigation means that legislation both explicitly prohibits paternal status-based workplace discrimination and prohibits at least some form of retaliatory action for workers participating in the investigation, such as by providing testimony.

Coverage not specified means legislation both explicitly prohibits paternal status-based workplace discrimination and prohibits retaliation, but does not clearly specify who is covered by prohibitions of retaliation.

Countries

Algeria - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Andorra - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Angola - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Antigua and Barbuda - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Austria - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Azerbaijan - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Bahamas - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Bangladesh - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Belarus - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Benin - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Bhutan - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Bosnia and Herzegovina - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Botswana - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Brunei - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Burundi - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Cameroon - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Canada - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Central African Republic - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Chad - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Chile - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

China - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Colombia - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Democratic Republic of the Congo - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Costa Rica - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Cuba - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Dominica - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

El Salvador - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

The Gambia - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Georgia - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Germany - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Ghana - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Greenland - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Guatemala - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Guinea-Bissau - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Haiti - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Iceland - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

India - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Indonesia - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Iran - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Iraq - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Israel - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Jamaica - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Japan - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Jordan - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Kazakhstan - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Kenya - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Democratic People's Republic of Korea - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Republic of Korea - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Kuwait - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Laos - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Lebanon - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Libya - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Madagascar - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Malaysia - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Mali - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Marshall Islands - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Mauritania - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Micronesia, Federated States of - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Monaco - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Mozambique - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Myanmar - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Nauru - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Nepal - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

The Netherlands - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Nicaragua - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Niger - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Nigeria - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Oman - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Pakistan - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Palau - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Panama - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Papua New Guinea - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Paraguay - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

The Philippines - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Poland - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Qatar - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Rwanda - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

San Marino - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Saudi Arabia - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Seychelles - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Singapore - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Solomon Islands - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Somalia - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Sri Lanka - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

St. Vincent and the Grenadines - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Sudan - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Sweden - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Tajikistan - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Thailand - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Timor-Leste - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Tonga - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Trinidad and Tobago - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Tunisia - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Turkmenistan - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Uganda - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

United Arab Emirates - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

United Kingdom - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

United States of America - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Uruguay - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Vanuatu - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Venezuela - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Yemen - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Zimbabwe - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Argentina - No prohibition of retaliation

Bolivia - No prohibition of retaliation

Brazil - No prohibition of retaliation

Cambodia - No prohibition of retaliation

Cabo Verde - No prohibition of retaliation

Cote d'Ivoire - No prohibition of retaliation

Dominican Republic - No prohibition of retaliation

Ecuador - No prohibition of retaliation

Equatorial Guinea - No prohibition of retaliation

Fiji - No prohibition of retaliation

Gabon - No prohibition of retaliation

Guinea - No prohibition of retaliation

Honduras - No prohibition of retaliation

Mexico - No prohibition of retaliation

Mongolia - No prohibition of retaliation

Morocco - No prohibition of retaliation

Peru - No prohibition of retaliation

Russian Federation - No prohibition of retaliation

Samoa - No prohibition of retaliation

Togo - No prohibition of retaliation

Uzbekistan - No prohibition of retaliation

Vietnam - No prohibition of retaliation

Albania - Only individuals who report

Armenia - Only individuals who report

Bahrain - Only individuals who report

Burkina Faso - Only individuals who report

Denmark - Only individuals who report

Djibouti - Only individuals who report

Italy - Only individuals who report

Kyrgyzstan - Only individuals who report

Latvia - Only individuals who report

Liberia - Only individuals who report

Malta - Only individuals who report

Moldova - Only individuals who report

Namibia - Only individuals who report

Romania - Only individuals who report

Sao Tome and Principe - Only individuals who report

Spain - Only individuals who report

Switzerland - Only individuals who report

Tanzania - Only individuals who report

Australia - Explicit coverage for workers participating in investigation

Barbados - Explicit coverage for workers participating in investigation

Belgium - Explicit coverage for workers participating in investigation

Belize - Explicit coverage for workers participating in investigation

Bulgaria - Explicit coverage for workers participating in investigation

Comoros - Explicit coverage for workers participating in investigation

Republic of the Congo - Explicit coverage for workers participating in investigation

Croatia - Explicit coverage for workers participating in investigation

Cyprus - Explicit coverage for workers participating in investigation

Egypt - Explicit coverage for workers participating in investigation

Eritrea - Explicit coverage for workers participating in investigation

Estonia - Explicit coverage for workers participating in investigation

Finland - Explicit coverage for workers participating in investigation

France - Explicit coverage for workers participating in investigation

Greece - Explicit coverage for workers participating in investigation

Grenada - Explicit coverage for workers participating in investigation

Guyana - Explicit coverage for workers participating in investigation

Hungary - Explicit coverage for workers participating in investigation

Ireland - Explicit coverage for workers participating in investigation

Kiribati - Explicit coverage for workers participating in investigation

Lesotho - Explicit coverage for workers participating in investigation

Liechtenstein - Explicit coverage for workers participating in investigation

Lithuania - Explicit coverage for workers participating in investigation

Luxembourg - Explicit coverage for workers participating in investigation

North Macedonia - Explicit coverage for workers participating in investigation

Malawi - Explicit coverage for workers participating in investigation

Maldives - Explicit coverage for workers participating in investigation

Mauritius - Explicit coverage for workers participating in investigation

Montenegro - Explicit coverage for workers participating in investigation

New Zealand - Explicit coverage for workers participating in investigation

Norway - Explicit coverage for workers participating in investigation

Portugal - Explicit coverage for workers participating in investigation

Senegal - Explicit coverage for workers participating in investigation

Serbia - Explicit coverage for workers participating in investigation

Sierra Leone - Explicit coverage for workers participating in investigation

Slovakia - Explicit coverage for workers participating in investigation

Slovenia - Explicit coverage for workers participating in investigation

South Africa - Explicit coverage for workers participating in investigation

South Sudan - Explicit coverage for workers participating in investigation

St. Kitts and Nevis - Explicit coverage for workers participating in investigation

St. Lucia - Explicit coverage for workers participating in investigation

Suriname - Explicit coverage for workers participating in investigation

Eswatini - Explicit coverage for workers participating in investigation

Syria - Explicit coverage for workers participating in investigation

Türkiye - Explicit coverage for workers participating in investigation

Tuvalu - Explicit coverage for workers participating in investigation

Ukraine - Explicit coverage for workers participating in investigation

Zambia - Explicit coverage for workers participating in investigation

Czech Republic - Coverage not specified

Ethiopia - Coverage not specified