WORLD Policy Analysis Center

Is there at least some prohibition of discrimination at work based on foreign national origin and gender?

The term “foreign national origin” includes references to ‘ancestry’, ‘citizenship or origin of parents’, ‘country or place of birth’, ‘homeland’, ‘national descent’, or ‘national origin’. For the purposes of this variable, the term “foreign national origin” captures all of these definitions.

The term ‘gender’ refers to country references to ‘gender’ or ‘sex’ or specific protections for ‘female’ or ‘women’ employees.

No explicit protection means that country legislation does not explicitly prohibit workplace discrimination on the basis of foreign national origin nor gender broadly, nor specifically against discrimination in hiring, pay, promotions and/or demotions, training, nor terminations.

Prohibition based on foreign national origin or gender means that country legislation does explicitly prohibit at least one of these forms of workplace discrimination on the basis of either foreign national origin or gender (but not both characteristics).

Prohibition based on foreign national origin and gender means that country legislation does explicitly prohibit at least one of these forms of workplace discrimination on the basis of both foreign national origin and gender, or prohibits discrimination against women who are marginalized based on foreign national origin.

Countries

Brunei - No explicit prohibition

Malaysia - No explicit prohibition

Micronesia, Federated States of - No explicit prohibition

Myanmar - No explicit prohibition

Nauru - No explicit prohibition

Nigeria - No explicit prohibition

Palau - No explicit prohibition

Singapore - No explicit prohibition

Solomon Islands - No explicit prohibition

Sri Lanka - No explicit prohibition

Sudan - No explicit prohibition

Tonga - No explicit prohibition

Albania - Prohibition based on gender or foreign national origin

Antigua and Barbuda - Prohibition based on gender or foreign national origin

Austria - Prohibition based on gender or foreign national origin

Bahamas - Prohibition based on gender or foreign national origin

Bahrain - Prohibition based on gender or foreign national origin

Bangladesh - Prohibition based on gender or foreign national origin

Belize - Prohibition based on gender or foreign national origin

Benin - Prohibition based on gender or foreign national origin

Bhutan - Prohibition based on gender or foreign national origin

Bolivia - Prohibition based on gender or foreign national origin

Bulgaria - Prohibition based on gender or foreign national origin

Burundi - Prohibition based on gender or foreign national origin

Cambodia - Prohibition based on gender or foreign national origin

Cameroon - Prohibition based on gender or foreign national origin

Canada - Prohibition based on gender or foreign national origin

Central African Republic - Prohibition based on gender or foreign national origin

Chad - Prohibition based on gender or foreign national origin

China - Prohibition based on gender or foreign national origin

Democratic Republic of the Congo - Prohibition based on gender or foreign national origin

Czech Republic - Prohibition based on gender or foreign national origin

Ecuador - Prohibition based on gender or foreign national origin

Egypt - Prohibition based on gender or foreign national origin

Equatorial Guinea - Prohibition based on gender or foreign national origin

Eritrea - Prohibition based on gender or foreign national origin

Estonia - Prohibition based on gender or foreign national origin

Ethiopia - Prohibition based on gender or foreign national origin

Germany - Prohibition based on gender or foreign national origin

Ghana - Prohibition based on gender or foreign national origin

Greenland - Prohibition based on gender or foreign national origin

Guatemala - Prohibition based on gender or foreign national origin

Haiti - Prohibition based on gender or foreign national origin

Iceland - Prohibition based on gender or foreign national origin

India - Prohibition based on gender or foreign national origin

Indonesia - Prohibition based on gender or foreign national origin

Iran - Prohibition based on gender or foreign national origin

Iraq - Prohibition based on gender or foreign national origin

Italy - Prohibition based on gender or foreign national origin

Jamaica - Prohibition based on gender or foreign national origin

Japan - Prohibition based on gender or foreign national origin

Jordan - Prohibition based on gender or foreign national origin

Kazakhstan - Prohibition based on gender or foreign national origin

Democratic People's Republic of Korea - Prohibition based on gender or foreign national origin

Kuwait - Prohibition based on gender or foreign national origin

Kyrgyzstan - Prohibition based on gender or foreign national origin

Laos - Prohibition based on gender or foreign national origin

Lebanon - Prohibition based on gender or foreign national origin

Libya - Prohibition based on gender or foreign national origin

Liechtenstein - Prohibition based on gender or foreign national origin

Lithuania - Prohibition based on gender or foreign national origin

Malawi - Prohibition based on gender or foreign national origin

Maldives - Prohibition based on gender or foreign national origin

Malta - Prohibition based on gender or foreign national origin

Marshall Islands - Prohibition based on gender or foreign national origin

Monaco - Prohibition based on gender or foreign national origin

Mongolia - Prohibition based on gender or foreign national origin

Nepal - Prohibition based on gender or foreign national origin

The Netherlands - Prohibition based on gender or foreign national origin

Nicaragua - Prohibition based on gender or foreign national origin

Oman - Prohibition based on gender or foreign national origin

Pakistan - Prohibition based on gender or foreign national origin

Panama - Prohibition based on gender or foreign national origin

Papua New Guinea - Prohibition based on gender or foreign national origin

Paraguay - Prohibition based on gender or foreign national origin

The Philippines - Prohibition based on gender or foreign national origin

Poland - Prohibition based on gender or foreign national origin

Qatar - Prohibition based on gender or foreign national origin

Romania - Prohibition based on gender or foreign national origin

Russian Federation - Prohibition based on gender or foreign national origin

San Marino - Prohibition based on gender or foreign national origin

Saudi Arabia - Prohibition based on gender or foreign national origin

Seychelles - Prohibition based on gender or foreign national origin

South Africa - Prohibition based on gender or foreign national origin

St. Vincent and the Grenadines - Prohibition based on gender or foreign national origin

Switzerland - Prohibition based on gender or foreign national origin

Tajikistan - Prohibition based on gender or foreign national origin

Thailand - Prohibition based on gender or foreign national origin

Timor-Leste - Prohibition based on gender or foreign national origin

Tunisia - Prohibition based on gender or foreign national origin

Türkiye - Prohibition based on gender or foreign national origin

Turkmenistan - Prohibition based on gender or foreign national origin

Uzbekistan - Prohibition based on gender or foreign national origin

Vanuatu - Prohibition based on gender or foreign national origin

Vietnam - Prohibition based on gender or foreign national origin

Yemen - Prohibition based on gender or foreign national origin

Algeria - Prohibition based on gender and foreign national origin

Andorra - Prohibition based on gender and foreign national origin

Angola - Prohibition based on gender and foreign national origin

Argentina - Prohibition based on gender and foreign national origin

Armenia - Prohibition based on gender and foreign national origin

Australia - Prohibition based on gender and foreign national origin

Azerbaijan - Prohibition based on gender and foreign national origin

Barbados - Prohibition based on gender and foreign national origin

Belarus - Prohibition based on gender and foreign national origin

Belgium - Prohibition based on gender and foreign national origin

Bosnia and Herzegovina - Prohibition based on gender and foreign national origin

Botswana - Prohibition based on gender and foreign national origin

Brazil - Prohibition based on gender and foreign national origin

Burkina Faso - Prohibition based on gender and foreign national origin

Cabo Verde - Prohibition based on gender and foreign national origin

Chile - Prohibition based on gender and foreign national origin

Colombia - Prohibition based on gender and foreign national origin

Comoros - Prohibition based on gender and foreign national origin

Republic of the Congo - Prohibition based on gender and foreign national origin

Costa Rica - Prohibition based on gender and foreign national origin

Cote d'Ivoire - Prohibition based on gender and foreign national origin

Croatia - Prohibition based on gender and foreign national origin

Cuba - Prohibition based on gender and foreign national origin

Cyprus - Prohibition based on gender and foreign national origin

Denmark - Prohibition based on gender and foreign national origin

Djibouti - Prohibition based on gender and foreign national origin

Dominica - Prohibition based on gender and foreign national origin

Dominican Republic - Prohibition based on gender and foreign national origin

El Salvador - Prohibition based on gender and foreign national origin

Fiji - Prohibition based on gender and foreign national origin

Finland - Prohibition based on gender and foreign national origin

France - Prohibition based on gender and foreign national origin

Gabon - Prohibition based on gender and foreign national origin

The Gambia - Prohibition based on gender and foreign national origin

Georgia - Prohibition based on gender and foreign national origin

Greece - Prohibition based on gender and foreign national origin

Grenada - Prohibition based on gender and foreign national origin

Guinea - Prohibition based on gender and foreign national origin

Guinea-Bissau - Prohibition based on gender and foreign national origin

Guyana - Prohibition based on gender and foreign national origin

Honduras - Prohibition based on gender and foreign national origin

Hungary - Prohibition based on gender and foreign national origin

Ireland - Prohibition based on gender and foreign national origin

Israel - Prohibition based on gender and foreign national origin

Kenya - Prohibition based on gender and foreign national origin

Kiribati - Prohibition based on gender and foreign national origin

Republic of Korea - Prohibition based on gender and foreign national origin

Latvia - Prohibition based on gender and foreign national origin

Lesotho - Prohibition based on gender and foreign national origin

Liberia - Prohibition based on gender and foreign national origin

Luxembourg - Prohibition based on gender and foreign national origin

North Macedonia - Prohibition based on gender and foreign national origin

Madagascar - Prohibition based on gender and foreign national origin

Mali - Prohibition based on gender and foreign national origin

Mauritania - Prohibition based on gender and foreign national origin

Mauritius - Prohibition based on gender and foreign national origin

Mexico - Prohibition based on gender and foreign national origin

Moldova - Prohibition based on gender and foreign national origin

Montenegro - Prohibition based on gender and foreign national origin

Morocco - Prohibition based on gender and foreign national origin

Mozambique - Prohibition based on gender and foreign national origin

Namibia - Prohibition based on gender and foreign national origin

New Zealand - Prohibition based on gender and foreign national origin

Niger - Prohibition based on gender and foreign national origin

Norway - Prohibition based on gender and foreign national origin

Peru - Prohibition based on gender and foreign national origin

Portugal - Prohibition based on gender and foreign national origin

Rwanda - Prohibition based on gender and foreign national origin

Samoa - Prohibition based on gender and foreign national origin

Sao Tome and Principe - Prohibition based on gender and foreign national origin

Senegal - Prohibition based on gender and foreign national origin

Serbia - Prohibition based on gender and foreign national origin

Sierra Leone - Prohibition based on gender and foreign national origin

Slovakia - Prohibition based on gender and foreign national origin

Slovenia - Prohibition based on gender and foreign national origin

Somalia - Prohibition based on gender and foreign national origin

South Sudan - Prohibition based on gender and foreign national origin

Spain - Prohibition based on gender and foreign national origin

St. Kitts and Nevis - Prohibition based on gender and foreign national origin

St. Lucia - Prohibition based on gender and foreign national origin

Suriname - Prohibition based on gender and foreign national origin

Eswatini - Prohibition based on gender and foreign national origin

Sweden - Prohibition based on gender and foreign national origin

Syria - Prohibition based on gender and foreign national origin

Tanzania - Prohibition based on gender and foreign national origin

Togo - Prohibition based on gender and foreign national origin

Trinidad and Tobago - Prohibition based on gender and foreign national origin

Tuvalu - Prohibition based on gender and foreign national origin

Uganda - Prohibition based on gender and foreign national origin

Ukraine - Prohibition based on gender and foreign national origin

United Arab Emirates - Prohibition based on gender and foreign national origin

United Kingdom - Prohibition based on gender and foreign national origin

United States of America - Prohibition based on gender and foreign national origin

Uruguay - Prohibition based on gender and foreign national origin

Venezuela - Prohibition based on gender and foreign national origin

Zambia - Prohibition based on gender and foreign national origin

Zimbabwe - Prohibition based on gender and foreign national origin