WORLD Policy Analysis Center

Is there at least some prohibition of discrimination at work based on religion and gender?

The term “religion” includes references to ‘creed’, ‘religious belief’, ‘religious opinion’, ‘religious adherence’, ‘religious community’ or ‘confession’. For the purposes of this variable, the term “religion” captures all of these definitions.

The term ‘gender’ refers to country references to ‘gender’ or ‘sex’ or specific protections for ‘female’ or ‘women’ employees.

No explicit protection means that country legislation does not explicitly prohibit workplace discrimination on the basis of religion nor gender broadly, nor specifically against discrimination in hiring, pay, promotions and/or demotions, training, nor terminations.

Prohibition based on religion or gender means that country legislation does explicitly prohibit at least one of these forms of workplace discrimination on the basis of either religion or gender (but not both characteristics).

Prohibition based on religion and gender means that country legislation does explicitly prohibit at least one of these forms of workplace discrimination on the basis of both religion and gender, or prohibits discrimination against women who are marginalized based on religion.

Countries

Afghanistan - No explicit prohibition

Brunei - No explicit prohibition

Malaysia - No explicit prohibition

Micronesia, Federated States of - No explicit prohibition

Myanmar - No explicit prohibition

Nauru - No explicit prohibition

Nigeria - No explicit prohibition

Palau - No explicit prohibition

Sierra Leone - No explicit prohibition

Singapore - No explicit prohibition

Solomon Islands - No explicit prohibition

Sri Lanka - No explicit prohibition

Sudan - No explicit prohibition

Tonga - No explicit prohibition

Algeria - Prohibition based on gender or religion

Bangladesh - Prohibition based on gender or religion

Greenland - Prohibition based on gender or religion

India - Prohibition based on gender or religion

Jamaica - Prohibition based on gender or religion

Jordan - Prohibition based on gender or religion

Democratic People's Republic of Korea - Prohibition based on gender or religion

Lebanon - Prohibition based on gender or religion

Liechtenstein - Prohibition based on gender or religion

Marshall Islands - Prohibition based on gender or religion

Monaco - Prohibition based on gender or religion

Oman - Prohibition based on gender or religion

Pakistan - Prohibition based on gender or religion

Papua New Guinea - Prohibition based on gender or religion

Qatar - Prohibition based on gender or religion

San Marino - Prohibition based on gender or religion

Saudi Arabia - Prohibition based on gender or religion

Switzerland - Prohibition based on gender or religion

Thailand - Prohibition based on gender or religion

United Arab Emirates - Prohibition based on gender or religion

Albania - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Andorra - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Angola - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Antigua and Barbuda - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Argentina - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Armenia - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Australia - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Austria - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Azerbaijan - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Bahamas - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Bahrain - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Barbados - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Belarus - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Belgium - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Belize - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Benin - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Bhutan - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Bolivia - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Bosnia and Herzegovina - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Botswana - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Brazil - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Bulgaria - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Burkina Faso - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Burundi - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Cambodia - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Cameroon - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Canada - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Cabo Verde - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Central African Republic - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Chad - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Chile - Prohibition based on gender and religion

China - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Colombia - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Comoros - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Democratic Republic of the Congo - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Republic of the Congo - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Costa Rica - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Cote d'Ivoire - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Croatia - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Cuba - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Cyprus - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Czech Republic - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Denmark - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Djibouti - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Dominica - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Dominican Republic - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Ecuador - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Egypt - Prohibition based on gender and religion

El Salvador - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Equatorial Guinea - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Eritrea - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Estonia - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Ethiopia - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Fiji - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Finland - Prohibition based on gender and religion

France - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Gabon - Prohibition based on gender and religion

The Gambia - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Georgia - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Germany - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Ghana - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Greece - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Grenada - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Guatemala - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Guinea - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Guinea-Bissau - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Guyana - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Haiti - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Honduras - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Hungary - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Iceland - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Indonesia - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Iran - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Iraq - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Ireland - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Israel - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Italy - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Japan - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Kazakhstan - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Kenya - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Kiribati - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Republic of Korea - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Kuwait - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Kyrgyzstan - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Laos - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Latvia - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Lesotho - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Liberia - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Libya - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Lithuania - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Luxembourg - Prohibition based on gender and religion

North Macedonia - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Madagascar - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Malawi - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Maldives - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Mali - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Malta - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Mauritania - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Mauritius - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Mexico - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Moldova - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Mongolia - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Montenegro - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Morocco - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Mozambique - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Namibia - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Nepal - Prohibition based on gender and religion

The Netherlands - Prohibition based on gender and religion

New Zealand - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Nicaragua - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Niger - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Norway - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Panama - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Paraguay - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Peru - Prohibition based on gender and religion

The Philippines - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Poland - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Portugal - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Romania - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Russian Federation - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Rwanda - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Samoa - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Sao Tome and Principe - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Senegal - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Serbia - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Seychelles - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Slovakia - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Slovenia - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Somalia - Prohibition based on gender and religion

South Africa - Prohibition based on gender and religion

South Sudan - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Spain - Prohibition based on gender and religion

St. Kitts and Nevis - Prohibition based on gender and religion

St. Lucia - Prohibition based on gender and religion

St. Vincent and the Grenadines - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Suriname - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Eswatini - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Sweden - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Syria - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Tajikistan - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Tanzania - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Timor-Leste - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Togo - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Trinidad and Tobago - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Tunisia - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Türkiye - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Turkmenistan - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Tuvalu - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Uganda - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Ukraine - Prohibition based on gender and religion

United Kingdom - Prohibition based on gender and religion

United States of America - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Uruguay - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Uzbekistan - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Vanuatu - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Venezuela - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Vietnam - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Yemen - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Zambia - Prohibition based on gender and religion

Zimbabwe - Prohibition based on gender and religion