WORLD Policy Analysis Center

What remedies are available through an independent body for individuals who experience workplace gender discrimination?

No prohibition of workplace gender discrimination indicates that legislation does not specifically prohibit workplace gender discrimination broadly, nor specifically in hiring, promotions and/or demotions, training, pay, nor terminations. This does not mean that legislation denies this guarantee.

No independent complaint mechanism for individuals means that while legislation prohibits at least some form of workplace gender discrimination, there are no options for individuals to pursue remedies through alternative dispute resolution at low or no cost through public institutions such as labor commissions, equality bodies, and human rights commissions if they have experienced gender discrimination at work. These mechanisms can provide remedies to common individual workplace discrimination claims at lower cost and in a shorter period than going to court.

No explicit remedies means that, while at least some aspect of workplace gender discrimination is prohibited and there are options for individuals to pursue remedies through alternative dispute resolution at public institutions, legislation does not outline any specific measures for the individual to regain employment or receive compensation. This does not mean that legislation denies these remedies.

Re-employment only means that individuals who experience gender discrimination at work and pursue remedies through alternative dispute resolution at public institutions can be re-instated to their prior position or re-engaged with the company in another role, but there are no specific provisions to provide monetary compensation. This does not mean that legislation denies this compensation.

Some form of compensation means individuals who pursue remedies through alternative dispute resolution for workplace gender discrimination, can receive compensation. Forms of compensation can include back pay for wages lost due to gender discrimination, front pay if individuals decline reinstatement, distress damages, or punitive damages.

Countries

Afghanistan - No prohibition of workplace gender discrimination

Brunei - No prohibition of workplace gender discrimination

Malaysia - No prohibition of workplace gender discrimination

Micronesia, Federated States of - No prohibition of workplace gender discrimination

Myanmar - No prohibition of workplace gender discrimination

Nauru - No prohibition of workplace gender discrimination

Nigeria - No prohibition of workplace gender discrimination

Palau - No prohibition of workplace gender discrimination

Sierra Leone - No prohibition of workplace gender discrimination

Singapore - No prohibition of workplace gender discrimination

Solomon Islands - No prohibition of workplace gender discrimination

Sri Lanka - No prohibition of workplace gender discrimination

Sudan - No prohibition of workplace gender discrimination

Tonga - No prohibition of workplace gender discrimination

Algeria - No independent complaint mechanism for individuals

Andorra - No independent complaint mechanism for individuals

Belarus - No independent complaint mechanism for individuals

Chad - No independent complaint mechanism for individuals

Cuba - No independent complaint mechanism for individuals

El Salvador - No independent complaint mechanism for individuals

Greenland - No independent complaint mechanism for individuals

Guatemala - No independent complaint mechanism for individuals

Guinea-Bissau - No independent complaint mechanism for individuals

Guyana - No independent complaint mechanism for individuals

Italy - No independent complaint mechanism for individuals

Jordan - No independent complaint mechanism for individuals

Democratic People's Republic of Korea - No independent complaint mechanism for individuals

Latvia - No independent complaint mechanism for individuals

Mali - No independent complaint mechanism for individuals

Monaco - No independent complaint mechanism for individuals

Mozambique - No independent complaint mechanism for individuals

Nicaragua - No independent complaint mechanism for individuals

Oman - No independent complaint mechanism for individuals

Papua New Guinea - No independent complaint mechanism for individuals

Paraguay - No independent complaint mechanism for individuals

Sao Tome and Principe - No independent complaint mechanism for individuals

Saudi Arabia - No independent complaint mechanism for individuals

Sweden - No independent complaint mechanism for individuals

Switzerland - No independent complaint mechanism for individuals

Tajikistan - No independent complaint mechanism for individuals

United Arab Emirates - No independent complaint mechanism for individuals

United Kingdom - No independent complaint mechanism for individuals

Vanuatu - No independent complaint mechanism for individuals

Albania - No explicit remedies

Angola - No explicit remedies

Argentina - No explicit remedies

Azerbaijan - No explicit remedies

Bangladesh - No explicit remedies

Benin - No explicit remedies

Bhutan - No explicit remedies

Bolivia - No explicit remedies

Brazil - No explicit remedies

Bulgaria - No explicit remedies

Burkina Faso - No explicit remedies

Cameroon - No explicit remedies

Central African Republic - No explicit remedies

China - No explicit remedies

Colombia - No explicit remedies

Comoros - No explicit remedies

Cote d'Ivoire - No explicit remedies

Czech Republic - No explicit remedies

Djibouti - No explicit remedies

Dominican Republic - No explicit remedies

Egypt - No explicit remedies

Ethiopia - No explicit remedies

Gabon - No explicit remedies

The Gambia - No explicit remedies

Grenada - No explicit remedies

Haiti - No explicit remedies

Honduras - No explicit remedies

Hungary - No explicit remedies

Indonesia - No explicit remedies

Israel - No explicit remedies

Japan - No explicit remedies

Kuwait - No explicit remedies

Kyrgyzstan - No explicit remedies

Libya - No explicit remedies

North Macedonia - No explicit remedies

Mongolia - No explicit remedies

Morocco - No explicit remedies

Nepal - No explicit remedies

The Netherlands - No explicit remedies

Pakistan - No explicit remedies

Portugal - No explicit remedies

Qatar - No explicit remedies

Rwanda - No explicit remedies

Samoa - No explicit remedies

Serbia - No explicit remedies

Seychelles - No explicit remedies

Slovakia - No explicit remedies

Somalia - No explicit remedies

Syria - No explicit remedies

Trinidad and Tobago - No explicit remedies

Türkiye - No explicit remedies

Turkmenistan - No explicit remedies

Tuvalu - No explicit remedies

Uruguay - No explicit remedies

Uzbekistan - No explicit remedies

Venezuela - No explicit remedies

Democratic Republic of the Congo - Re-employment only

Luxembourg - Re-employment only

Antigua and Barbuda - Some form of monetary compensation

Armenia - Some form of monetary compensation

Australia - Some form of monetary compensation

Austria - Some form of monetary compensation

Bahamas - Some form of monetary compensation

Bahrain - Some form of monetary compensation

Barbados - Some form of monetary compensation

Belgium - Some form of monetary compensation

Belize - Some form of monetary compensation

Bosnia and Herzegovina - Some form of monetary compensation

Botswana - Some form of monetary compensation

Burundi - Some form of monetary compensation

Cambodia - Some form of monetary compensation

Canada - Some form of monetary compensation

Cabo Verde - Some form of monetary compensation

Chile - Some form of monetary compensation

Republic of the Congo - Some form of monetary compensation

Costa Rica - Some form of monetary compensation

Croatia - Some form of monetary compensation

Cyprus - Some form of monetary compensation

Denmark - Some form of monetary compensation

Dominica - Some form of monetary compensation

Ecuador - Some form of monetary compensation

Equatorial Guinea - Some form of monetary compensation

Eritrea - Some form of monetary compensation

Estonia - Some form of monetary compensation

Fiji - Some form of monetary compensation

Finland - Some form of monetary compensation

France - Some form of monetary compensation

Georgia - Some form of monetary compensation

Germany - Some form of monetary compensation

Ghana - Some form of monetary compensation

Greece - Some form of monetary compensation

Guinea - Some form of monetary compensation

Iceland - Some form of monetary compensation

India - Some form of monetary compensation

Iran - Some form of monetary compensation

Iraq - Some form of monetary compensation

Ireland - Some form of monetary compensation

Jamaica - Some form of monetary compensation

Kazakhstan - Some form of monetary compensation

Kenya - Some form of monetary compensation

Kiribati - Some form of monetary compensation

Republic of Korea - Some form of monetary compensation

Laos - Some form of monetary compensation

Lebanon - Some form of monetary compensation

Lesotho - Some form of monetary compensation

Liberia - Some form of monetary compensation

Liechtenstein - Some form of monetary compensation

Lithuania - Some form of monetary compensation

Madagascar - Some form of monetary compensation

Malawi - Some form of monetary compensation

Maldives - Some form of monetary compensation

Malta - Some form of monetary compensation

Marshall Islands - Some form of monetary compensation

Mauritania - Some form of monetary compensation

Mauritius - Some form of monetary compensation

Mexico - Some form of monetary compensation

Moldova - Some form of monetary compensation

Montenegro - Some form of monetary compensation

Namibia - Some form of monetary compensation

New Zealand - Some form of monetary compensation

Niger - Some form of monetary compensation

Norway - Some form of monetary compensation

Panama - Some form of monetary compensation

Peru - Some form of monetary compensation

The Philippines - Some form of monetary compensation

Poland - Some form of monetary compensation

Romania - Some form of monetary compensation

Russian Federation - Some form of monetary compensation

San Marino - Some form of monetary compensation

Senegal - Some form of monetary compensation

Slovenia - Some form of monetary compensation

South Africa - Some form of monetary compensation

South Sudan - Some form of monetary compensation

Spain - Some form of monetary compensation

St. Kitts and Nevis - Some form of monetary compensation

St. Lucia - Some form of monetary compensation

St. Vincent and the Grenadines - Some form of monetary compensation

Eswatini - Some form of monetary compensation

Tanzania - Some form of monetary compensation

Thailand - Some form of monetary compensation

Timor-Leste - Some form of monetary compensation

Tunisia - Some form of monetary compensation

Uganda - Some form of monetary compensation

Ukraine - Some form of monetary compensation

United States of America - Some form of monetary compensation

Vietnam - Some form of monetary compensation

Yemen - Some form of monetary compensation

Zambia - Some form of monetary compensation

Zimbabwe - Some form of monetary compensation