WORLD Policy Analysis Center

What types of retaliation are prohibited for reporting workplace discrimination on the basis of paternal status?

The term “paternal status” includes gender-neutral references to caregiving (“parenthood’, ‘having children’, workers with ‘family responsibilities’), and gender-specific references to ‘fatherhood’, or ‘paternity’. For the purposes of this variable, the term “paternal status” captures all of these definitions, but it does not capture job protections that narrowly apply to fathers’ leave-taking.

No prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status indicates that legislation does not specifically prohibit paternal status-based workplace discrimination broadly, nor specifically against discrimination in hiring, promotions and/or demotions, training, pay, nor terminations. This does not mean that legislation denies this guarantee,

No prohibition of retaliation means that country legislation does explicitly prohibit at least one of these forms of paternal status-based workplace discrimination, but it does not at the same time pair this prohibition with an explicit prohibition of retaliatory action or dismissal for reporting workplace discrimination.

Only dismissal means that there is some prohibition of paternal status-based workplace discrimination, but legislation only guarantees that workers cannot be dismissed for reporting paternal status-based discrimination.

Harassment or disciplinary action means that legislation prohibits paternal status-based workplace discrimination and harassment or disciplinary action for reporting it, but not both, as well as retaliatory dismissal.

Any adverse action means that legislation prohibits paternal status-based workplace discrimination and guarantees that workers are protected from all forms of adverse action for reporting it.

Countries

Algeria - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Andorra - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Angola - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Antigua and Barbuda - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Austria - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Azerbaijan - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Bahamas - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Bangladesh - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Belarus - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Benin - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Bhutan - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Bosnia and Herzegovina - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Botswana - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Brunei - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Burundi - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Cameroon - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Canada - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Central African Republic - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Chad - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Chile - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

China - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Colombia - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Democratic Republic of the Congo - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Costa Rica - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Cuba - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Dominica - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

El Salvador - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

The Gambia - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Georgia - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Germany - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Ghana - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Greenland - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Guatemala - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Guinea-Bissau - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Haiti - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Iceland - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

India - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Indonesia - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Iran - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Iraq - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Israel - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Jamaica - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Japan - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Jordan - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Kazakhstan - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Kenya - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Democratic People's Republic of Korea - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Republic of Korea - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Kuwait - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Laos - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Lebanon - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Libya - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Madagascar - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Malaysia - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Mali - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Marshall Islands - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Mauritania - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Micronesia, Federated States of - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Monaco - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Mozambique - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Myanmar - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Nauru - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Nepal - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

The Netherlands - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Nicaragua - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Niger - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Nigeria - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Oman - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Pakistan - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Palau - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Panama - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Papua New Guinea - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Paraguay - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

The Philippines - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Poland - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Qatar - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Rwanda - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

San Marino - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Saudi Arabia - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Seychelles - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Singapore - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Solomon Islands - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Somalia - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Sri Lanka - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

St. Vincent and the Grenadines - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Sudan - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Sweden - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Tajikistan - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Thailand - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Timor-Leste - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Tonga - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Trinidad and Tobago - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Tunisia - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Turkmenistan - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Uganda - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

United Arab Emirates - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

United Kingdom - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

United States of America - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Uruguay - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Vanuatu - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Venezuela - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Yemen - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Zimbabwe - No explicit prohibition of workplace discrimination based on paternal status

Argentina - No prohibition of retaliation

Bolivia - No prohibition of retaliation

Brazil - No prohibition of retaliation

Cambodia - No prohibition of retaliation

Cabo Verde - No prohibition of retaliation

Cote d'Ivoire - No prohibition of retaliation

Dominican Republic - No prohibition of retaliation

Ecuador - No prohibition of retaliation

Equatorial Guinea - No prohibition of retaliation

Fiji - No prohibition of retaliation

Gabon - No prohibition of retaliation

Guinea - No prohibition of retaliation

Honduras - No prohibition of retaliation

Mexico - No prohibition of retaliation

Mongolia - No prohibition of retaliation

Morocco - No prohibition of retaliation

Peru - No prohibition of retaliation

Russian Federation - No prohibition of retaliation

Samoa - No prohibition of retaliation

Togo - No prohibition of retaliation

Uzbekistan - No prohibition of retaliation

Vietnam - No prohibition of retaliation

Armenia - Only dismissal

Bahrain - Only dismissal

Burkina Faso - Only dismissal

Comoros - Only dismissal

Republic of the Congo - Only dismissal

Egypt - Only dismissal

Eritrea - Only dismissal

Lesotho - Only dismissal

South Sudan - Only dismissal

St. Kitts and Nevis - Only dismissal

Switzerland - Only dismissal

Syria - Only dismissal

Zambia - Only dismissal

Belize - Harassment or disciplinary action

Djibouti - Harassment or disciplinary action

Kyrgyzstan - Harassment or disciplinary action

Malawi - Harassment or disciplinary action

Sao Tome and Principe - Harassment or disciplinary action

Senegal - Harassment or disciplinary action

Sierra Leone - Harassment or disciplinary action

Albania - Any adverse action

Australia - Any adverse action

Barbados - Any adverse action

Belgium - Any adverse action

Bulgaria - Any adverse action

Croatia - Any adverse action

Cyprus - Any adverse action

Czech Republic - Any adverse action

Denmark - Any adverse action

Estonia - Any adverse action

Ethiopia - Any adverse action

Finland - Any adverse action

France - Any adverse action

Greece - Any adverse action

Grenada - Any adverse action

Guyana - Any adverse action

Hungary - Any adverse action

Ireland - Any adverse action

Italy - Any adverse action

Kiribati - Any adverse action

Latvia - Any adverse action

Liberia - Any adverse action

Liechtenstein - Any adverse action

Lithuania - Any adverse action

Luxembourg - Any adverse action

North Macedonia - Any adverse action

Maldives - Any adverse action

Malta - Any adverse action

Mauritius - Any adverse action

Moldova - Any adverse action

Montenegro - Any adverse action

Namibia - Any adverse action

New Zealand - Any adverse action

Norway - Any adverse action

Portugal - Any adverse action

Romania - Any adverse action

Serbia - Any adverse action

Slovakia - Any adverse action

Slovenia - Any adverse action

South Africa - Any adverse action

Spain - Any adverse action

St. Lucia - Any adverse action

Suriname - Any adverse action

Eswatini - Any adverse action

Tanzania - Any adverse action

Türkiye - Any adverse action

Tuvalu - Any adverse action

Ukraine - Any adverse action